Systems and methods for water desalination and power generation

1. A water desalination and power generation system, the system comprising:

a power generation subsystem configured to generate power;

a water desalination subsystem configured to produce freshwater from salinated water; and

an ejector that links the power generation subsystem and the water desalination subsystem, the ejector being adapted to entrain working fluid steam that has exited the water desalination subsystem into working fluid steam that has exited the power generation subsystem to generate mixed steam that drives the water desalination subsystem;

wherein the water desalination subsystem comprises a first evaporator comprising a heating element through which the mixed steam flows and a spray nozzle adapted to spray source water on the heating element.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the power generation subsystem is an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) subsystem.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the power generation subsystem is a supercritical organic Rankine cycle (SORC) subsystem.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the power generation subsystem comprises a boiler that boils working fluid to create boiled working fluid, an expander that expands the boiled working fluid to generate mechanical or electrical power, and a pump that raises the temperature and pressure of condensed working fluid that exits the water desalination subsystem.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the boiler is configured to be driven by a low-grade heat source.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the low-grade heat source comprises one of solar energy, geothermal heat, or waste heat from an industrial process.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water desalination subsystem is a multi-effect distillation (MED) subsystem.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water desalination subsystem is a reverse osmosis (RO) subsystem.

9. The system of claim 1 , wherein the water desalination subsystem further comprises a second evaporator comprising a heating element through which freshwater steam output from the first evaporator flows and a spray nozzle from which condensed water from the first evaporator is sprayed.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the water desalination subsystem further comprises a preheater that preheats the source water before it reaches the first evaporator, wherein the preheater is driven by freshwater steam that exits the second evaporator.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the water desalination subsystem further comprises a condenser through which the source water flows prior to reaching the first evaporator and through which freshwater steam from the water desalination subsystem flows, wherein the freshwater steam heats the source water.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the system is configured such that condensed working fluid from the first evaporator also flows through the condenser and wherein the condenser boils the condensed working fluid to generate the working fluid steam that is entrained into the ejector, such that the latent heat of condensation of the freshwater steam is recovered and is reused in the desalination subsystem.

13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the water desalination subsystem further comprises a flash box that receives condensed water from the second evaporator and delivers steam to the preheater.

14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the water desalination subsystem further comprises a second flash box that receives condensed water from the first flash box and delivers freshwater steam to the condenser.

15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the water desalination subsystem comprises a third evaporator comprising a heating element through which freshwater steam output from the preheater flows and a spray nozzle from which condensed water from the second evaporator is sprayed.

16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ejector comprises a converging-diverging nozzle through which a primary flow passes.

17. The system of claim 16 , wherein the ejector further comprises a shroud through which the primary flow and a secondary flow pass.

18. A method for desalinating water and generating power, the method comprising:

boiling a working fluid in a power generation subsystem to generate working fluid steam;

using the working fluid steam to generate mechanical or electrical power; and

mixing the working fluid steam output from the power generation subsystem with working fluid steam output from a water desalination subsystem to generate mixed steam that can be used to drive the water desalination subsystem, wherein the water desalination subsystem comprises a first evaporator comprising a heating element through which the mixed steam flows and a spray nozzle adapted to spray source water on the heating element.

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein boiling a working fluid comprises boiling the working fluid with energy from a low-grade heat source that comprises one of solar energy, geothermal heat, or waste heat from an industrial process.

20. The method of claim 18 , wherein mixing the working fluid steam output from the power generation subsystem with working fluid steam output from the water desalination subsystem comprises mixing the working fluid steam output from the power generation subsystem and the working fluid steam output from the water desalination subsystem using an ejector comprising a converging-diverging nozzle.

21. The method of claim 18 , further comprising using freshwater steam output from the water desalination subsystem to boil condensed working fluid output from the water desalination subsystem to generate the working fluid steam that is mixed with the working fluid steam output from the power generation subsystem.

22. The method of claim 21 , further comprising using the freshwater steam output from the water desalination subsystem to heat source water that is to be desalinated.

23. The method of claim 22 , further comprising preheating the source water using freshwater steam output from the water desalination subsystem.