Multisignal reagents for labeling analytes

1. A competitive binding assay composition comprising:

(a) a sample suspected of containing an analyte;

(b) a detection reagent comprising

(i) the analyte or an analog thereof bound covalently to a polymer, or

(ii) the analyte or an analog thereof bound covalently to a first member of a first binding pair that binds to a polymer via a second member of the first binding pair which is covalently bound to the polymer,

wherein the analyte is not a member of the first binding pair, and

wherein the first binding pair is a sugar-lectin, an antigen-antibody, a ligand-ligand receptor, a hormone-hormone receptor, an enzyme-substrate, a biotin-avidin, or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair; and

(c) a binding agent capable of binding to the analyte or the analog thereof of the detection reagent and to analyte contained in the sample,

wherein the polymer further comprises more than one signal,

wherein said polymer is a nucleic acid and each signal comprises a fluorescent dye, a radioactive molecule, a chemiluminescent molecule or an enzyme,

wherein the second binding pair is a sugar-lectin, an antigen-antibody, a ligand-ligand receptor, a hormone-hormone receptor, an enzyme-substrate, a biotin-avidin, or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair, and

wherein the analyte is cAMP, cGMP, 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, cholesterol, a hydroxycholesterol, vitamin D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, ascorbic acid, retinol, biotin, folate, legumin, salbutamol, melamine, sulfaquinoxaline, an inositol phosphate, a phosphatidyl inositol phosphate, prednisone, pregnenolone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, fludrocortisone, dihydrotachysterol, oxandrolone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, nandrolone, norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, progesterone, a glucocorticoid, aldosterone, estrogen, oxytocin, androstanediol glucuronide, bilirubin, warfarin, an estrogen, methotrexate, tobramycin, acetaminophen, encainide, fluoxetine, gentamycin, an aminoglycoside, amikacin, coenzyme Q10, theophylline, phenytoin, cimetidine, disulfiram, trazodone, ethanol, halothane, phenylbutazone, azapropazone, ibuprofen, amiodarone, imipramine, miconazole, metronidazole, nifedipine, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, a sulfonamide, rifampin, cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin, oxacillin, nitrofurantoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine, metoclopramide, cholestyramine, colestipol, neomycin, sulfasalazine, digoxin, indomethacin, diltiazem, erythromycin, tetracycline, itraconazole, nicardipine, triamterene, spironolactone, chlorpromazine, a cyclosporin, nortriptyline, ethosuximide, imipramine, codeine, lorazepam, topiramate, disopyramide, levetiracetam, clobazam, oxcarbazepine, fructosamine, caffeine, methaqualone, meprobamate, fluphenazine, a barbiturate, a phenothiazine, serotonin, valproic acid, digitoxin, maprotiline, lidocaine, mexiletine, primidone, risperidone, [OH-rispiridone] paliperidone, a porphyrin, haloperidol, flecainide, tocainide, acetazolamide, a sulfonamide, verapamil, a metanephrine, an oxidized nucleotide, a mycotoxin, tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid, cocaine, LSD, an amphetamine, heroin, methadone, nicotine, cotinine, a benzodiazepine, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, bisphenol A, hydralazine, atrazine, an organochloride insecticide, an organophosphate insecticide, or a carbamate insecticide.

2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the detection reagent comprises:

(b)(ii) the analyte or an analog thereof bound covalently to a first member of a first binding pair that binds to a polymer via a second member of the first binding pair which is covalently bound to the polymer,

wherein the analyte is not a member of the first binding pair, and

wherein the first binding pair is a sugar-lectin, an antigen-antibody, a ligand-ligand receptor, a hormone-hormone receptor, an enzyme-substrate, a biotin-avidin, or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair.

3. The composition of claim 2 , wherein each of the first binding pair and the second binding pair is an antigen-antibody binding pair or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair.

4. A competitive binding assay comprising:

(a) a sample suspected of containing an analyte;

(b) a detection reagent comprising

(i) the analyte or an analog thereof bound covalently to a polymer, or

(ii) the analyte or an analog thereof bound covalently to a first member of a first binding pair that binds to a polymer via a second member of the first binding pair which is covalently bound to the polymer,

wherein the analyte is not a member of the first binding pair, and

wherein the first binding pair is a sugar-lectin, an antigen-antibody, a ligand-ligand receptor, a hormone-hormone receptor, an enzyme-substrate, a biotin-avidin, or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair;

(c) a binding agent capable of binding to the analyte or the analog thereof of the detection reagent and to analyte contained in the sample; and

(d) a linker moiety covalently linking

the analyte or analog thereof of the detection reagent to the first binding pair or the polymer, and/or

the polymer to at least one of the signals or first member of the second binding pair,

wherein the polymer further comprises more than one signal or more than one first member of a second binding pair of which the analyte is not a member,

wherein said polymer is a nucleic acid and each signal comprises a fluorescent dye, a radioactive molecule, a chemiluminescent molecule or an enzyme,

wherein the second binding pair is a sugar-lectin, an antigen-antibody, a ligand-ligand receptor, a hormone-hormone receptor, an enzyme-substrate, a biotin-avidin, or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair, and

wherein the analyte is cAMP, cGMP, 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, cholesterol, a hydroxycholesterol, vitamin D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, ascorbic acid, retinol, biotin, folate, legumin, salbutamol, melamine, sulfaquinoxaline, an inositol phosphate, a phosphatidyl inositol phosphate, prednisone, pregnenolone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, fludrocortisone, dihydrotachysterol, oxandrolone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, nandrolone, norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, progesterone, a glucocorticoid, aldosterone, estrogen, oxytocin, androstanediol glucuronide, bilirubin, warfarin, an estrogen, methotrexate, tobramycin, acetaminophen, encainide, fluoxetine, gentamycin, an aminoglycoside, amikacin, coenzyme Q10, theophylline, phenytoin, cimetidine, disulfiram, trazodone, ethanol, halothane, phenylbutazone, azapropazone, ibuprofen, amiodarone, imipramine, miconazole, metronidazole, nifedipine, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, a sulfonamide, rifampin, cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin, oxacillin, nitrofurantoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine, metoclopramide, cholestyramine, colestipol, neomycin, sulfasalazine, digoxin, indomethacin, diltiazem, erythromycin, tetracycline, itraconazole, nicardipine, triamterene, spironolactone, chlorpromazine, a cyclosporin, nortriptyline, ethosuximide, imipramine, codeine, lorazepam, topiramate, disopyramide, levetiracetam, clobazam, oxcarbazepine, fructosamine, caffeine, methaqualone, meprobamate, fluphenazine, a barbiturate, a phenothiazine, serotonin, valproic acid, digitoxin, maprotiline, lidocaine, mexiletine, primidone, risperidone, [OH-rispiridone] paliperidone, a porphyrin, haloperidol, flecainide, tocainide, acetazolamide, a sulfonamide, verapamil, a metanephrine, an oxidized nucleotide, a mycotoxin, tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid, cocaine, LSD, an amphetamine, heroin, methadone, nicotine, cotinine, a benzodiazepine, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, bisphenol A, hydralazine, atrazine, an organochloride insecticide, an organophosphate insecticide, or a carbamate insecticide.

5. A competitive binding assay composition comprising:

(a) a sample suspected of containing an analyte;

(b) a detection reagent comprising

(i) the analyte or an analog thereof bound covalently to a polymer, or

(ii) the analyte or an analog thereof bound covalently to a first member of a first binding pair that binds to a polymer via a second member of the first binding pair which is covalently bound to the polymer,

wherein the analyte is not a member of the first binding pair, and

wherein the first binding pair is a sugar-lectin, an antigen-antibody, a ligand-ligand receptor, a hormone-hormone receptor, an enzyme-substrate, a biotin-avidin, or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair; and

(c) a binding agent capable of binding to the analyte or the analog thereof of the detection reagent and to analyte contained in the sample,

wherein the polymer further comprises more than one signal or more than one first member of a second binding pair of which the analyte is not a member,

wherein said polymer is a nucleic acid and each signal comprises a fluorescent dye, a radioactive molecule, a chemiluminescent molecule or an enzyme,

wherein the second binding pair is a sugar-lectin, an antigen-antibody, a ligand-ligand receptor, a hormone-hormone receptor, an enzyme-substrate, a biotin-avidin, or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair,

wherein the analyte is cAMP, cGMP, 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, cholesterol, a hydroxycholesterol, vitamin D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, ascorbic acid, retinol, biotin, folate, legumin, salbutamol, melamine, sulfaquinoxaline, an inositol phosphate, a phosphatidyl inositol phosphate, prednisone, pregnenolone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, fludrocortisone, dihydrotachysterol, oxandrolone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, nandrolone, norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, progesterone, a glucocorticoid, aldosterone, estrogen, oxytocin, androstanediol glucuronide, bilirubin, warfarin, an estrogen, methotrexate, tobramycin, acetaminophen, encainide, fluoxetine, gentamycin, an aminoglycoside, amikacin, coenzyme Q10, theophylline, phenytoin, cimetidine, disulfiram, trazodone, ethanol, halothane, phenylbutazone, azapropazone, ibuprofen, amiodarone, imipramine, miconazole, metronidazole, nifedipine, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, a sulfonamide, rifampin, cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin, oxacillin, nitrofurantoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine, metoclopramide, cholestyramine, colestipol, neomycin, sulfasalazine, digoxin, indomethacin, diltiazem, erythromycin, tetracycline, itraconazole, nicardipine, triamterene, spironolactone, chlorpromazine, a cyclosporin, nortriptyline, ethosuximide, imipramine, codeine, lorazepam, topiramate, disopyramide, levetiracetam, clobazam, oxcarbazepine, fructosamine, caffeine, methaqualone, meprobamate, fluphenazine, a barbiturate, a phenothiazine, serotonin, valproic acid, digitoxin, maprotiline, lidocaine, mexiletine, primidone, risperidone, [OH-rispiridone] paliperidone, a porphyrin, haloperidol, flecainide, tocainide, acetazolamide, a sulfonamide, verapamil, a metanephrine, an oxidized nucleotide, a mycotoxin, tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid, cocaine, LSD, an amphetamine, heroin, methadone, nicotine, cotinine, a benzodiazepine, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, bisphenol A, hydralazine, atrazine, an organochloride insecticide, an organophosphate insecticide, or a carbamate insecticide, and

wherein

the analyte or analog thereof of the detection reagent is bound to the first binding pair or the polymer through a reactive group, and/or

the polymer is bound to the signal or first member of the second binding pair through a reactive group.

6. The composition of claim 4 , wherein the linker moiety is bound to the analyte or analog thereof of the detection reagent, polymer, signal and/or first member of the second binding pair through a reactive group.

7. The composition of claim 5 or 6 , wherein the reactive group is isothiocyanate, isocyanate, monochlorotriazine, dichlorotriazine, mono- or di-halogen substituted pyridine, mono- or di-halogen substituted diazine, maleimide, aziridine, sulfonyl halogen substituted diazine, maleimide, sulfonyl halide, acid halide, hydroxysuccinimide ester, hydroxysulfosuccinimide ester, imido ester, hydrazine, azidonitrophenyl, azide, 3-(2-pyridyl dithio)-proprionamide, glyoxal, aldehyde, mercury salt, or any combination thereof.

8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the analyte is oxytocin, cAMP, cGMP, hydroxycholesterol, vitamin D, or 25-hydroxy vitamin D.

9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the analyte is cAMP or vitamin D.

10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the binding agent is an antibody or an analyte-binding fragment thereof.

11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the binding agent is bound to a solid phase.

12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the binding agent is an antibody or an analyte-binding fragment thereof.

13. A competitive binding assay composition comprising:

(a) a sample suspected of containing an analyte;

(b) a detection reagent consisting essentially of the analyte or an analog thereof bound covalently to a polymer; and

(c) a binding agent capable of binding to the analyte or the analog thereof of the detection reagent and to analyte contained in the sample,

wherein the polymer further comprises more than one signal or more than one first member of a second binding pair of which the analyte is not a member,

wherein said polymer is a nucleic acid and each signal comprises a fluorescent dye, a radioactive molecule, a chemiluminescent molecule or an enzyme,

wherein the second binding pair is a sugar-lectin, an antigen-antibody, a ligand-ligand receptor, a hormone-hormone receptor, an enzyme-substrate, a biotin-avidin, or a biotin-streptavidin binding pair, and

wherein the analyte is cAMP, cGMP, 8-bromoadenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, cholesterol, a hydroxycholesterol, vitamin D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, ascorbic acid, retinol, biotin, folate, legumin, salbutamol, melamine, sulfaquinoxaline, an inositol phosphate, a phosphatidyl inositol phosphate, prednisone, pregnenolone, dexamethasone, triamcinolone, fludrocortisone, dihydrotachysterol, oxandrolone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, nandrolone, norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, progesterone, a glucocorticoid, aldosterone, estrogen, oxytocin, androstanediol glucuronide, bilirubin, warfarin, an estrogen, methotrexate, tobramycin, acetaminophen, encainide, fluoxetine, gentamycin, an aminoglycoside, amikacin, coenzyme Q10, theophylline, phenytoin, cimetidine, disulfiram, trazodone, ethanol, halothane, phenylbutazone, azapropazone, ibuprofen, amiodarone, imipramine, miconazole, metronidazole, nifedipine, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, a sulfonamide, rifampin, cisplatin, vinblastine, bleomycin, oxacillin, nitrofurantoin, phenobarbital, primidone, carbamazepine, metoclopramide, cholestyramine, colestipol, neomycin, sulfasalazine, digoxin, indomethacin, diltiazem, erythromycin, tetracycline, itraconazole, nicardipine, triamterene, spironolactone, chlorpromazine, a cyclosporin, nortriptyline, ethosuximide, imipramine, codeine, lorazepam, topiramate, disopyramide, levetiracetam, clobazam, oxcarbazepine, fructosamine, caffeine, methaqualone, meprobamate, fluphenazine, a barbiturate, a phenothiazine, serotonin, valproic acid, digitoxin, maprotiline, lidocaine, mexiletine, primidone, risperidone, [OH-rispiridone] paliperidone, a porphyrin, haloperidol, flecainide, tocainide, acetazolamide, a sulfonamide, verapamil, a metanephrine, an oxidized nucleotide, a mycotoxin, tetrahydrocannabinol, a cannabinoid, cocaine, LSD, an amphetamine, heroin, methadone, nicotine, cotinine, a benzodiazepine, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, bisphenol A, hydralazine, atrazine, an organochloride insecticide, an organophosphate insecticide, or a carbamate insecticide.