System and method for treating obstructive sleep apnea
One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system for treating obstructive sleep apnea in a subject. The system can include a power source and a neuromuscular stimulator in electrical communications with the power source. The neuromuscular stimulator can include a controller and at least one electrode. The controller can be configured to receive certain power and stimulation parameters associated with a therapy signal from the power source. The at least one electrode can be configured to deliver the therapy signal to a target tissue associated with control of a posterior base of the tongue of the subject.
1. A method for treating disordered breathing that occurs during sleep in a subject, the method comprising:
obtaining a neurostimulator comprising an electrode;
implanting at least a portion of the neurostimulator in the subject's mandible;
positioning the electrode in electrical communication with an anterior lingual muscle or a nerve that innervates an anterior lingual muscle; and
activating the neurostimulator to deliver an electrical signal to the anterior lingual muscle or the nerve to open an oropharyngeal airway.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anterior lingual muscle is a genioglossus muscle, an anterior belly digastric muscle, a hyoglossus muscle, a mylohyoid muscle, or a combination thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nerve is a hypoglossal nerve, a distal arborizing branch of a hypoglossal nerve at or near its neuromuscular junction, or a combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the neurostimulator includes a first electrical lead and a second electrical lead, each of which includes an electrode connected thereto.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising:
forming a first hole through the mandible on a first side of a midline of the subject;
forming a second hole through the mandible on a second opposing side of the midline of the subject;
inserting the first and second electrical leads through the first and second holes, respectively, so that the electrode of each of the first and second electrical leads is in electrical communication with the nerve or the anterior lingual muscle.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein activating the neurostimulator to deliver an electrical signal to the anterior lingual muscle or the nerve causes a posterior base of a tongue of the subject to be displaced in an anterior direction or causes a change in a surface morphology of the posterior base of the tongue to allow and increase oropharyngeal airway volume.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a trans-mandibular surgical approach is used to implant the neurostimulator.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the trans-mandibular surgical approach is a submental approach.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein implanting at least a portion of the neurostimulator in the subject's mandible comprises:
forming a sulcus in the anterior mandible; and
securing the neurostimulator in the sulcus so that the electrode is in electrical communication with the anterior lingual muscle or the nerve.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the trans-mandibular surgical approach is an intraoral bucca-gingival sulcus approach.