Dielectric transmission medium comprising a plurality of rigid dielectric members coupled together in a ball and socket configuration
Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a transmission medium that includes a dielectric core comprising a plurality of rigid dielectric members configured to propagate guided electromagnetic waves. A dielectric cladding is disposed on at least a portion of an outer surface of the first dielectric core. Other embodiments are disclosed.
1. A transmission medium, comprising:
a dielectric core comprising a plurality of rigid dielectric members, wherein the plurality of rigid dielectric members are coupled together in a ball and socket configuration that is configured to propagate guided electromagnetic waves at non-optical frequencies to an antenna that provides wireless network connectivity to a client device; and
a dielectric cladding disposed on at least a portion of an outer surface of the dielectric core.
2. The transmission medium of claim 1 , wherein the guided electromagnetic waves are bound to the dielectric core and propagate along the dielectric core with a first portion of the guided electromagnetic waves propagating within the dielectric core.
3. The transmission medium of claim 2 , wherein a second portion of the guided electromagnetic waves propagates outside the dielectric core and inside the dielectric cladding.
4. The transmission medium of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric core has a first dielectric constant that exceeds a second dielectric constant of the dielectric cladding.
5. The transmission medium of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of rigid dielectric members are arranged in the ball and socket configuration to propagate the guided electromagnetic waves in a longitudinal sequence.
6. The transmission medium of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of rigid dielectric members each include a first end configured to mate with a previous one of the plurality of rigid dielectric members in the longitudinal sequence and a second end configured to mate with an adjacent one of the plurality of rigid dielectric members in the longitudinal sequence.
7. The transmission medium of claim 6 wherein each one of the first end and the second end is configured as one of: a ball or a socket in accordance with the ball and socket configuration.
8. The transmission medium of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of rigid dielectric members each comprises barium titanate rods.
9. The transmission medium of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of rigid dielectric members each comprises rutile rods.
10. The transmission medium of claim 1 , wherein the dielectric cladding comprises a cellular plastic material for reducing an exposure of the guided electromagnetic waves to an environment that adversely affects propagation of the guided electromagnetic waves through the dielectric core and the cellular plastic material, and wherein the dielectric cladding is surrounded, at least in part, by an insulating jacket.
11. An antenna system, comprising:
at least one antenna; and
a cable configured to couple guided electromagnetic waves to the at least one antenna to facilitate free space wireless communication with at least one client device, wherein the cable includes:
a dielectric core comprising a plurality of opaque dielectric rods, wherein the plurality of opaque dielectric rods are coupled together in a ball and socket configuration to propagate the guided electromagnetic waves without a conductor; and
a dielectric cladding that surrounds at least a portion of the dielectric core.
12. The antenna system of claim 11 , wherein the guided electromagnetic waves are bound to the dielectric core and propagate along the dielectric core with a first portion of the guided electromagnetic waves propagating within the dielectric core.
13. The antenna system of claim 12 , wherein the dielectric cladding comprises a dielectric foam for reducing an exposure of the guided electromagnetic waves to an environment that adversely affects propagation of the guided electromagnetic waves through the dielectric core and wherein a second portion of the guided electromagnetic waves propagates outside the dielectric core and inside the dielectric cladding.
14. The antenna system of claim 11 , wherein the dielectric core has a first dielectric constant that exceeds a second dielectric constant of the dielectric cladding.
15. The antenna system of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of opaque dielectric rods are arranged in the ball and socket configuration to propagate the guided electromagnetic waves in a longitudinal sequence.
16. The antenna system of claim 15 , wherein the plurality of opaque dielectric rods each include a first end configured to mate with a previous one of the plurality of opaque dielectric rods in the longitudinal sequence and a second end configured to mate with an adjacent one of the plurality of opaque dielectric rods in the longitudinal sequence.
17. The antenna system of claim 16 , wherein each one of the first end and the second end is configured as one of: a ball or a socket in accordance with the ball and socket configuration.
18. The antenna system of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of opaque dielectric rods each comprises barium titanate or rutile.
19. The antenna system of claim 11 , wherein the dielectric cladding comprises a cellular plastic material for reducing an exposure of the guided electromagnetic waves to an environment that adversely affects propagation of the guided electromagnetic waves through the dielectric core and the cellular plastic material, wherein the dielectric cladding is surrounded, at least in part, by an insulating jacket.
20. A method comprising:
receiving an electromagnetic wave at non-optical frequencies via an antenna; and
guiding the electromagnetic wave via a conductorless transmission medium having a dielectric core comprising a plurality of discrete dielectric members, wherein the plurality of discrete dielectric members are configured in a ball and socket configuration to propagate the electromagnetic wave sequentially through the plurality of discrete dielectric members.