Imaging system for intra-operative and post-operative blood perfusion monitoring

1. An imaging device, comprising:

a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device comprising:

a support comprising a first surface;

a plurality of radiation sources positioned in connection with the first surface;

a plurality of radiation detectors positioned in connection with the first surface,

a processor in connection with the near infrared spectroscopy device; and

a non-transitory memory that stores thereon a plurality of machine-readable instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the imaging device to:

create a volumetric map, the dimensions of the volumetric map corresponding to the tissue portion;

subdivide the volumetric map into volumetric subregions, the volumetric subregions comprising a plurality of voxels, each voxel being assigned either preassigned values or random values;

overlay a sensitivity map onto the volumetric map, the sensitivity map having a photon migration pattern;

perform at least one iterative cycle, the iterative cycle comprising:

determining the measurement array and the calculated array for the volumetric map, the measurement array comprising optical measurements corresponding to the photon migration pattern, the calculated array comprising determined measurements corresponding to the assigned value as weighted by the photon migration pattern;

increasing an assigned value of a test voxel of the volumetric map, each of the test voxel being selected from the voxels of the volumetric subregions, the increase perturbing the volumetric map;

calculating perturbed determined measurements of a perturbed calculated array for the volumetric map; and

determining an error between the measurement array and the perturbed calculated array of the volumetric map, wherein a transformation is applied locally to the test voxel and incorporates the error; and

repeat the iterative cycle until either a preset maximum is reached or the measurement error is less than a present threshold.

2. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein each voxel is assigned a value determined by a previous set of iterative cycle.

3. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of radiation sources are positioned equidistance from the detector.

4. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the transformation comprises a volumetric Gaussian kernel, wherein if the perturbation causes the error to go down, then the volumetric Gaussian kernel having a radius is centered on the test voxel, the volumetric Gaussian kernel extending to a plurality of proximate voxels, the test voxel and the proximate voxels being permanently increased in value proportionally to the magnitude of the error decrease multiplied by a proportional factor A, and wherein if the perturbation causes the error to go up, then a volumetric Gaussian kernel having a radius is centered on the test voxel, the volumetric Gaussian kernel extending to a plurality of proximate voxels, the test voxel and the proximate voxels being permanently decreased in value proportionally to the magnitude of the error increase multiplied by a proportional factor A.

5. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of radiation sources delivers radiation at a wavelength of about 660 nm.

6. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of radiation sources delivers radiation at a wavelength of about 880 nm.

7. The imaging device of claim 1 , wherein the support has an octagonal shape and the radiation sources are configured in concentric circles expanding from a detector in the center of the octagonal shape.

8. A system for tissue imaging, comprising:

a near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device comprising:

a support comprising a first surface and configured to support a plurality of devices in proximity to a tissue, the tissue comprising both oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin;

a plurality of radiation sources positioned on the first surface, the radiation sources configured to:

deliver a first radiation of a first wavelength range to the tissue, wherein the tissue absorbs at least a portion of the first radiation; and

deliver a second radiation of a second wavelength range to the tissue, the second wavelength range partially overlapping the first wavelength range, wherein the tissue absorbs at least a portion of the second radiation; and

a plurality of radiation detectors positioned in connection with the first surface, the plurality of detectors configured to:

detect a back-scattered portion of the first radiation and a back-scattered portion of the second radiation; and

provide a signal regarding each of the wavelengths detected; and

a control device comprising:

a processor in connection with the NIRS device; and

a non-transitory memory that stores thereon a plurality of machine-readable instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the near infrared spectroscopy device to:

create a volumetric map, the dimensions of the volumetric map corresponding to the tissue portion;

subdivide the volumetric map into volumetric subregions, the volumetric subregions comprising a plurality of voxels, each voxel being assigned either preassigned values or random values;

overlay a sensitivity map onto the volumetric map, the sensitivity map having a photon migration pattern;

perform at least one iterative cycle, the iterative cycle comprising:

determining the measurement array and the calculated array for the volumetric map, the measurement array comprising optical measurements corresponding to the photon migration pattern, the calculated array comprising determined measurements corresponding to the assigned value as weighted by the photon migration pattern;

increasing an assigned value of a test voxel of the volumetric map, each of the test voxel being selected from the voxels of the volumetric subregions, the increase perturbing the volumetric map;

calculating perturbed determined measurements of a perturbed calculated array for the volumetric map; and

determining an error between the measurement array and the perturbed calculated array of the volumetric map, wherein if the perturbation causes the error to go down, then a volumetric Gaussian kernel having a radius is centered on the test voxel and extending to a plurality of proximate voxels, the test voxel and the proximate voxels being permanently increased in value proportionally to the magnitude of the error decrease multiplied by a proportional factor A, and wherein if the perturbation causes the error to go up, then a volumetric Gaussian kernel having a radius is centered on the test voxel and extending to a plurality of proximate voxels, the test voxel and the proximate voxels being permanently decreased in value proportionally to the magnitude of the error increase multiplied by a proportional factor A; and

repeat the iterative cycle until either a preset maximum is reached or the measurement error is less than a present threshold.

9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the control device is further configured to:

control the radiation sources such that the first radiation and the second radiation is delivered in a multiplexed fashion;

determine an amount of absorption by the tissue from each of the first radiation and the second radiation using the intensity of the back-scattered portion of the first radiation and the intensity of the back-scattered portion of the second radiation;

determine a location of absorption in the tissue using the position of the first radiation source and the second radiation source in relation to the detector; and

create a map of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the tissue using the amount of absorption and the location of absorption.

10. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first wavelength range, the second wavelength range, or both, includes wavelengths between about 650 nm and about 1000 nm.

11. The system of claim 8 , wherein each of the plurality of radiation sources are configured to deliver the first radiation and the second radiation.

12. The system of claim 8 , wherein the plurality of radiation sources are positioned to create a mean radiation path with at least one overlap per radiation source.

13. The system of claim 8 , wherein the first wavelength range is between about 650 nm and about 800 nm and the second wavelength range is between about 800 nm and about 950 nm.