Mesoporous carbon black and processes for making same
The invention is directed to processes for increasing the surface area of a carbon black starting material and for forming mesoporous carbon black. The process includes the step of contacting a carbon black starting material having a first BET nitrogen surface area with an oxidant in a fluidized bed under conditions effective to form a carbon black product having a second BET nitrogen surface area greater than the first BET nitrogen surface area. The invention is also directed to carbon black product formed by this process.
1. A process for increasing carbon black surface area, comprising contacting a carbon black starting material having a first BET nitrogen surface area with an oxidant in a fluidized bed under conditions effective to form a carbon black product having a second BET nitrogen surface area greater than the first BET nitrogen surface area, wherein the carbon black product has (i) a BET nitrogen surface area of from 600 to about 1200 m 2 /g or from about 1500 to about 1800 m 2 /g, and (ii) a BET nitrogen surface area:STSA ratio of from 0.95 to 1.1.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising fluidizing the carbon black starting material in the fluidized bed with a fluidizing agent comprising the oxidant.
3. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oxidant comprises steam.
4. The process of claim 2 , wherein the oxidant comprises carbon dioxide.
5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the fluidizing agent further comprises an inert gas.
6. The process of claim 5 , wherein the inert gas comprises nitrogen or argon.
7. The process of claim 2 , wherein the fluidizing agent consists essentially of steam.
8. The process of claim 2 , wherein the carbon black starting material comprises pelletized carbon black.
9. The process of claim 2 , wherein the conditions comprise a reaction time of from about 0.5 to about 15 hours.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the mass ratio of cumulative oxidant at the end of the reaction time to carbon black starting material is from about 0.5 to about 2.5.
11. The process of claim 2 , wherein the conditions comprise a fluidized bed temperature of from about 700° C. to about 1300° C.
12. The process of claim 2 , wherein the conditions comprise a fluidized bed temperature of from about 900° C. to about 1100° C.
13. The process of claim 2 , wherein the ratio of steam flow to carbon black starting material in the fluidized bed is from about 0.05 to about 0.50 kg steam/kg carbon black starting material/hour.
14. The process of claim 2 , wherein the fluidizing agent has a superficial velocity in the fluidized bed of from about 0.03 to about 0.15 m/s.
15. The process of claim 2 , wherein the second BET nitrogen surface area is greater than the first BET nitrogen surface area by a factor of at least about 1.5.
16. The process of claim 2 , wherein the second BET nitrogen surface area is greater than the first BET nitrogen surface area by a factor of from about 1.5 to about 8.0.
17. Porous carbon having (i) a BET nitrogen surface area of from about 600 to about 1200 m 2 /g or from about 1500 to about 1800 m 2 /g, and (ii) a BET nitrogen surface area:STSA ratio of from 0.95 to 1.1.
18. The porous carbon black of claim 17 , wherein the BET nitrogen surface area is from about 600 to about 900 m 2 /g.
19. The porous carbon black of claim 17 , wherein the BET nitrogen surface area is from about 900 to about 1200 m 2 /g.
20. The porous carbon black of claim 17 , wherein the BET nitrogen surface area is from about 1500 to about 1800 m 2 /g.
21. A conductive plastic comprising the carbon black of claim 17 .
22. An ink jet ink comprising the carbon black of claim 17 .
23. A fuel cell catalyst comprising the carbon black of claim 17 .
24. A supercapacitor comprising the carbon black of claim 17 .
25. Porous carbon black having an average primary particle size of from about 35 to about 80 nm, a BET nitrogen surface area of from about 600 to about 1800 m 2 /g, a total volume of pores between 2 and 100 nm in size of from about 3.0 to about 5.0 cm 3 /g as measured by nitrogen desorption and a BET nitrogen surface area:STSA ratio of from 0.95 to 1.1.
26. The porous carbon black of claim 25 , having a Dagg/Dp ratio of from about 1 to about 7.
27. The porous carbon black of claim 26 , wherein the D agg /Dp ratio is from about 1 to about 5.
28. The porous carbon black of claim 27 , wherein D p is from about 35 to about 80 nm.
29. The porous carbon black of claim 27 , wherein D p is from about 5 to about 15 nm.
30. The porous carbon black of claim 26 , wherein the D agg /Dp ratio is from about 1 to about 3.
31. The porous carbon black of claim 30 , wherein D p is from about 35 to about 80.
32. The porous carbon black of claim 30 , wherein D p is from about 5 to about 15 nm.
33. The porous carbon black of claim 26 , wherein the porous carbon black has a BET nitrogen surface area of from about 900 to about 1400 m 2 /g and a D agg /D p ratio of from about 1 to about 5.
34. The porous carbon black of claim 33 , wherein the D agg /Dp ratio is from about 1 to about 3.