Systems and methods for on-board cylinder leakdown testing

1. A method for a vehicle driven by an engine, comprising:

operating the vehicle with an engine temperature above a threshold and an indication of a misfire in an engine cylinder, until a vehicle-off event is detected;

upon detection of the vehicle-off event, maintaining a powertrain control module onboard the vehicle on to perform an onboard leak test, the powertrain control module including a processor and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor, the powertrain control module coupled to a plurality of powertrain sensors and a plurality of powertrain actuators; and

performing the onboard leak test by:

spinning the engine unfueled to position the engine cylinder in a top dead center position;

commanding an exhaust valve of the engine cylinder closed;

commanding an intake valve of the engine cylinder closed;

injecting a quantity of fuel into the engine cylinder while the engine cylinder is maintained at the top dead center position and the exhaust valve and the intake valve are closed; and

upon injecting the quantity of fuel, indicating degradation of the exhaust valve responsive to an exhaust oxygen sensor indicating a decrease in exhaust air-fuel ratio.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the onboard leak test further includes:

upon injecting the quantity of fuel, opening a canister purge valve coupled between a fuel vapor canister and an engine intake and activating a vacuum pump coupled between the fuel vapor canister and atmosphere; and

upon activating the vacuum pump, indicating degradation of the engine cylinder responsive to an increase in fuel vapor canister temperature above a threshold.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein performing the onboard leak test further includes:

maintaining a positive crankcase ventilation valve closed; and

upon activating the vacuum pump, indicating degradation of the intake valve responsive to an increase in fuel vapor canister temperature above the threshold.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein performing the onboard leak test further includes:

upon activating the vacuum pump, opening a positive crankcase ventilation valve; and

upon opening the positive crankcase ventilation valve, indicating degradation of piston rings of the engine cylinder responsive to an increase in fuel vapor canister temperature above the threshold.

5. An engine system, comprising:

a fuel vapor canister coupled to an engine intake via a canister purge valve;

one or more temperature sensors coupled within the fuel vapor canister;

a canister vent line coupled between the fuel vapor canister and atmosphere;

an evaporative leak check monitor including a pressure sensor and a vacuum pump coupled to the canister vent line between the fuel vapor canister and atmosphere;

an engine block comprising a crankcase and a plurality of cylinders coupled to a crankshaft, each cylinder comprising a piston, one or more piston rings, an intake valve, an exhaust valve, and a fuel injector;

a fuel tank coupled to a fuel pump configured to pressurize fuel delivered to the fuel injectors;

a positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) line, coupled between the crankcase and the engine intake via a PCV valve;

one or more exhaust sensors coupled within an engine exhaust; and

a controller holding executable instructions stored in non-transitory memory, that when executed, cause the controller to:

during a first condition, including an engine-off condition and an indication of a misfiring engine cylinder, position the misfiring engine cylinder in a top dead center position;

command an exhaust valve of the misfiring engine cylinder closed;

command an intake valve of the misfiring engine cylinder closed;

activate the fuel pump;

inject a quantity of fuel into the misfiring engine cylinder via a fuel injector of the misfiring engine cylinder; and

indicate degradation of the misfiring engine cylinder responsive to hydrocarbon migration out of the misfiring engine cylinder.

6. The engine system of claim 5 , wherein indicating degradation of the misfiring engine cylinder is based on one or more of an exhaust sensor output change above a threshold and a fuel vapor canister temperature change above a threshold.

7. The engine system of claim 6 , wherein the controller further holds executable instructions stored in non-transitory memory, that when executed, cause the controller to:

indicate exhaust valve degradation responsive to an exhaust sensor output above a threshold;

indicate intake valve degradation responsive to vapor canister temperature above a threshold when the ELCM vacuum pump is activated and the CPV is open;

indicate piston ring degradation responsive to vapor canister temperature above a threshold when the ELCM vacuum pump is activated, the CPV is open, and the PCV valve is open; and,

responsive to an indication of one or more of exhaust valve degradation, intake valve degradation, or piston ring degradation, adjust engine operating parameters to limit fuel flow and spark to the misfiring cylinder.