Pressure difference sensor with protection against static overloads

1. A pressure difference sensor, comprising:

a pressure difference measuring cell having a measuring membrane, a first platform, a second platform, and a transducer, and

an elastic clamping apparatus, wherein:

said measuring membrane is arranged between said first platform and said second platform and pressure-tightly connected with said two platforms;

a first pressure chamber is formed between said measuring membrane and said first platform and a second pressure chamber is formed between said measuring membrane and said second platform;

said first platform and said second platform each have a pressure duct, through which the particular pressure chamber is contactable with a first, respectively second, pressure;

said transducer is provided for transducing a deformation of said measuring membrane dependent on a difference between said first pressure and said second pressure into an electrical signal;

said clamping apparatus has a first clamping area, which acts on a first rear side of said first platform facing away from said measuring membrane, and a second clamping area, which acts on a second rear side of said second platform facing away from said measuring membrane;

said clamping apparatus has at least one elastic element, via which said clamping areas are mechanically coupled, in order to clamp said pressure difference measuring cells with an axial clamping force;

said first and second clamping areas are rigid;

said clamping apparatus comprises a clamp with a first clamping body, which has said first clamping area and a second clamping body, which has said second clamping area;

said first and/or said second clamping bodies have/has an elastic element;

said first and said second clamping bodies are connected with one another under stress, in order to exert a clamping force on said pressure difference measuring cell;

said two clamping bodies have a central, form retaining section, which includes said clamping areas; and

said form retaining section of at least one clamping body has elastic sections adjoin, which form said elastic elements.

2. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

said elastic elements comprise spring legs; and

said axial clamping force, which acts on said platform, is applied by an elastic bending deflection of said spring legs from their resting position.

3. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

said platforms each have a chamber body, in which depressions for said pressure chambers are embodied, and, in each case, a stiffening element, wherein said stiffening elements are, in each case, arranged between said chamber bodies and said clamping areas.

4. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 3 , wherein:

said stiffening elements comprise a material, whose coefficient of thermal expansion differs by no more than 5 ppm/K from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the chamber bodies.

5. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

pressure difference sensor is specified for a static overload pressure p L ; and

said measuring membrane has an area A loadable with said first or second pressure; and

said clamping force F, with which said clamping apparatus clamps the pressure difference measuring cell, can be expressed as

F=S·pL··A,

wherein the safety factor S amounts to not less than 0.2.

6. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 5 , wherein:

said clamping force F fulfills the above mentioned conditions over a temperature range between 0° C. and 100° C.

7. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

said clamping force varies over a temperature range between 0° C. and 100° C. at a constant pressure, which is less than the overload pressure PL, by no more than the half the maximum clamping force in the temperature range.

8. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

said clamping bodies comprise a material, whose coefficient of thermal expansion deviates by no more than 5 ppm/K from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the stiffening elements.

9. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

a maximum stress, which occurs in said clamping apparatus, is less than σ 02 of the material of the clamping apparatus in the vicinity of this maximum stress.

10. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 9 , wherein:

said clamping apparatus comprises a metal material, especially Kovar or steel.

11. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

said stiffening elements comprise single crystalline or polycrystalline silicon or a ceramic material, especially AlN, SiC, SiN, or cordierite.

12. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein:

said form retaining section of both clamping bodies, have elastic sections adjoin, which form said elastic elements.

13. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 4 , wherein:

said stiffening elements comprise a material, whose coefficient of thermal expansion differs by no more than 2 ppm/K, from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the chamber bodies.

14. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 5 , wherein:

the safety factor S amounts to not less than 0.5.

15. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 5 , wherein:

the safety factor S amounts to not less than 0.8.

16. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 6 , wherein:

said clamping force F fulfills the above mentioned conditions over a temperature range between 20° C. and 150° C.

17. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 6 , wherein:

said clamping force F fulfills the above mentioned conditions over a temperature range between −40° C. and 180° C.

18. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 7 , wherein:

said clamping force varies over a temperature range between −20° C. and 150° C.

19. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 7 , wherein:

said clamping force varies over a temperature range between −40° C. and 180° C.

20. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 7 , wherein:

said constant pressure is less than the overload pressure PL by no more than ⅖ the maximum clamping force in the temperature range.

21. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 7 , wherein:

said constant pressure is less than the overload pressure PL by no more than ⅓ the maximum clamping force in the temperature range.

22. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 8 , wherein:

said clamping bodies comprise a material, whose coefficient of thermal expansion deviates by no more than 2 ppm/K from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the stiffening elements.

23. The pressure difference sensor as claimed in claim 8 , wherein:

said clamping bodies comprise a material, whose coefficient of thermal expansion deviated by no more than 1 ppm/K from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the material of the stiffening elements.