LED with high thermal conductivity particles in phosphor conversion layer
In one embodiment, a solid cylindrical tablet is pre-formed for a reflective cup containing an LED die, such as a blue LED die. The tablet comprises uniformly-mixed phosphor particles and transparent/translucent particles of a high TC material, such as quartz, in a hardened silicone binder, where the index of refraction of the high TC material is matched to that of the silicone to minimize internal reflection. Tablets can be made virtually identical in composition and size. The bulk of the tablet will be the high TC material. After the tablet is placed in the cup, the LED module is heated, preferably in a vacuum, to melt the silicone so that the mixture flows around the LED die and fills the voids to encapsulate the LED die. The silicone is then cooled to harden.
1. A method of fabricating a light emitting diode (LED) module comprising:
providing a reflective cup containing at least one LED die;
positioning a solid piece on the at least one LED die and within the reflective cup, the solid piece abutting inner walls of the reflective cup to create a void below the solid piece, the solid piece comprising:
a binder;
high thermal conductivity particles, an index of refraction of the binder and an index of refraction of the high thermal conductivity particles being substantially equal, and a thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductivity particles being greater than a thermal conductivity of the binder; and
wavelength conversion particles that convert a wavelength of light emitted by the at least one LED die to a different wavelength,
the wavelength conversion particles and the high thermal conductivity particles being uniformly mixed in the binder;
softening the positioned solid piece to conform to a volume defined by the inner walls of the reflective cup and to encapsulate the at least one LED die to draw heat away from the at least one LED die; and
hardening the softened solid piece after encapsulation of the at least one LED die.
2. The method of claim 1 , the step of softening the positioned solid piece further comprising:
heating the positioned solid piece to melt the binder.
3. The method of claim 2 , the step of softening the positioned solid piece being performed in a vacuum.
4. The method of claim 1 , the binder comprising silicone.
5. The method of claim 1 , the wavelength conversion particles comprising at least one phosphor.
6. The method of claim 1 , the high thermal conductivity particles comprising at least one of a quartz, crystalline silica, crystobalite, and glass.
7. The method of claim 1 , the high thermal conductivity particles comprising a majority of the solid piece.
8. The method of claim 1 , the positioning the solid piece in the reflective cup further comprising:
positioning the solid piece to be substantially centered in the reflective cup.
9. The method of claim 1 , the reflective cup being conical.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming the solid piece by:
mixing the wavelength conversion particles and the high thermal conductivity particles in the binder while the binder is softened to form a slurry;
forming a sheet of the slurry;
hardening the binder; and
separating the resulting hardened sheet into substantially identical solid pieces.
11. The method of claim 10 , the forming the solid piece further comprising:
thinning at least one of the substantially identical solid pieces to match a target color point.
12. The method of claim 1 , the solid piece having a generally cylindrical shape.
13. The method of claim 1 , the providing the reflective cup containing at least one LED die further comprising:
providing a plurality of identical reflective cups on a substrate, each reflective cup containing at least one LED die.
14. The method of claim 1 , the hardened piece after encapsulation conducting heat from the at least one LED die to the reflective cup and to a base of the reflective cup.
15. The method of claim 1 , the thermal conductivity of the high thermal conductivity particles being three times the thermal conductivity of the binder.
16. The method of claim 1 , the hardening the softened solid piece after encapsulation of the LED die causes the hardened solid piece to have a substantially flat top surface across the reflective cup.