Conductive member, charging device, transfer device, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
A conductive member includes a conductive substrate; and a conductive elastic layer disposed on the conductive substrate and exhibiting ionic conduction. The conductive elastic layer contains an elastic material, which contains epichlorohydrin rubber, and a layered inorganic compound, and the amount of free chlorine ions in the conductive elastic layer is 1 μg/g or more and 80 μg/g or less.
1. A conductive member comprising:
a conductive substrate; and
a conductive elastic layer disposed on the conductive substrate and exhibiting ionic conduction,
wherein the conductive elastic layer contains an elastic material, which contains epichlorohydrin rubber, and a layered inorganic compound, and the amount of free chlorine ions in the conductive elastic layer is 1 μg/g or more and 80 μg/g or less.
2. The conductive member according to claim 1 , wherein the layered inorganic compound is a layered double hydroxide.
3. The conductive member according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of free chlorine ions is 5 μg/g or more and 60 μg/g or less.
4. The conductive member according to claim 1 , wherein the amount of free chlorine ions is 10 μg/g or more and 40 μg/g or less.
5. The conductive member according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the epichlorohydrin rubber is 10 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the elastic material.
6. The conductive member according to claim 1 , wherein the content of the epichlorohydrin rubber is 50 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less relative to 100 parts by mass of the elastic material.
7. A charging device comprising the conductive member according to claim 1 as a charging member that charges a body to be charged.
8. A transfer device comprising the conductive member according to claim 1 as a transfer member that transfers a transferred material to a transfer body.
9. A process cartridge detachably provided on an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge comprising the charging device according to claim 7 .
10. A process cartridge detachably provided on an image forming apparatus, the process cartridge comprising the transfer device according to claim 8 .
11. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image holding member:
the charging device according to claim 7 , that charges the surface of the image holding member;
an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the image holding member;
a developing device that develops, with a developer containing a toner, the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image holding member to form a toner image; and
a transfer device that transfers the toner image to the surface of a recording medium.
12. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an image holding member:
a charging device that charges the surface of the image holding member;
an electrostatic latent image forming device that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged surface of the image holding member;
a developing device that develops, with a developer containing a toner, the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the image holding member to form a toner image; and
the transfer device according to claim 8 , that transfers the toner image to the surface of a recording medium.