Stimulation electrode
A skin electrode for stimulation comprising a superporous hydrophilic material having a first relaxed state and a second expanded state. In the second expanded state the superporous hydrophilic material is breakable to at least partly enclose at least one hair, and an electrode surface for electrically stimulating the skin by driving current from the electrode surface through the hydrophilic material to the skin comprising the at least one hair.
1. A skin electrode for stimulation comprising; a superporous hydrophilic material having a first state and a second expanded state, in the second state the superporous hydrophilic material is breakable to at least partly enclose at least one hair, and an electrode surface for electrically stimulating the skin by driving current from the electrode surface through the hydrophilic material to the skin comprising the at least one hair,
wherein the superporous hydrophilic material comprises:
45.1% polymerized acrylamide,
1.5% polymerized acrylic acid,
32.6% polymerized sulfopropylacrylate potassium salt,
0.8% polymerized methylene bisacrylamide, and
20.0% inter-penetrating network former crosscarmelose sodium salt; or
the superporous hydrophilic material comprises:
50.1% polymerized acrylamide,
1.7% polymerized acrylic acid,
36.2% polymerized sulfopropylacrylate potassium salt,
0.9% polymerized methylene bisacrylamide, and
11.1% inter-penetrating network former crosscarmelose sodium salt; or
the superporous hydrophilic material comprises:
53.1% polymerized acrylamide,
1.8% polymerized acrylic acid,
38.3% polymerized sulfopropylacrylate potassium salt,
0.9% polymerized methylene bisacrylamide, and
5.9% inter-penetrating network former crosscarmelose sodium salt.
2. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the superporous hydrophilic material is breakable due to breakable crosslinks in the superporous hydrophilic material.
3. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic material has a volume swelling ratio of at least 2.
4. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein an impedance of the hydrophilic material is substantially the same as an impedance of the skin.
5. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic material is configured to revert from the second expanded state to the first relaxed state by use of an acid.
6. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic material has a mechanical strength of at the most a mechanical compressional strength of hair.
7. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic material also conforms to a shape of the skin electrode.
8. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode surface has at least one edge for retaining the hydrophilic material in contact with the electrode and the skin.
9. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the electrode is adapted to apply a direct current of 0.5-5 mA.
10. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , further comprising an anaesthetic agent.
11. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the hydrophilic material comprises the anaesthetic agent.
12. A skin electrode for stimulation according to claim 1 , wherein the skin electrode is configured to be used and sized for transcranial direct current stimulation.
13. A skin electrode for stimulation comprising; a conductive electrode,
a superporous hydrophilic material having a first state and a second expanded state, in the second state the superporous hydrophilic material is breakable to at least partly enclose at least one hair, and an anaesthetic agent for arrangement between the superporous hydrophilic material and skin of a stimulation area of a patient,
wherein the superporous hydrophilic material comprises:
45.1% polymerized acrylamide,
1.5% polymerized acrylic acid,
32.6% polymerized sulfopropylacrylate potassium salt,
0.8% polymerized methylene bisacrylamide, and
20.0% inter-penetrating network former crosscarmelose sodium salt; or
the superporous hydrophilic material comprises:
50.1% polymerized acrylamide,
1.7% polymerized acrylic acid,
36.2% polymerized sulfopropylacrylate potassium salt,
0.9% polymerized methylene bisacrylamide, and
11.1% inter-penetrating network former crosscarmelose sodium salt; or
the superporous hydrophilic material comprises:
53.1% polymerized acrylamide,
1.8% polymerized acrylic acid,
38.3% polymerized sulfopropylacrylate potassium salt,
0.9% polymerized methylene bisacrylamide, and
5.9% inter-penetrating network former crosscarmelose sodium salt.
14. A skin electrode for stimulation according claim 13 , wherein the anaesthetic agent is selected from a list comprising amylocaine, articaine, benzocaine, benzonatate, bupivacaine, butacaine, butanilicaine, chloroprocaine, cinchocaine, cocaine, dimethocaine, eucaine, etidocaine, hexylcaine, levobupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, meprylcaine metabutoxycaine, orthocaine, oxetacaine, oxybuprocaine, phenacaine, piperocaine, pramocaine, prilocaine, procaine, proparacaine, propoxycaine, quinisocaine, ropivacaine, trimecaine or tetracaine, and/or any combination thereof.