Low viscosity kraft fiber having an enhanced carboxyl content and methods of making and using the same
A pulp fiber with an enhanced carboxyl content resulting in improved antimicrobial, anti-yellowing and absorptive properties. Methods for making the kraft pulp fiber and products made from it are also described.
1. A method of making a modified acid-treated kraft fiber comprising:
subjecting cellulose fiber to a kraft pulping step;
oxygen delignifying the cellulose fiber following the kraft pulping step;
bleaching the cellulose fiber following oxygen delignification using a multi-stage bleaching process;
wherein one or more of the stages of the multi-stage bleaching process is an oxidation stage comprising treating the cellulose fiber with a peroxide and a catalyst under acidic conditions;
wherein two or more of the stages of the multi-stage bleaching process are carboxylating acid stages comprising treating the cellulose fiber with the addition of a combination of either sodium chlorite and hydrogen peroxide or chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide; and
wherein at least one carboxylating acid stage precedes at least one oxidation stage and at least one carboxylating acid stage follows at least one oxidation stage.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the kappa number of the fiber after kraft pulping is from about 13 to about 21.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the kappa number of the fiber after kraft pulping and oxygen delignification is from about 5 to about 8.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst in the one or more oxidation stages is an iron catalyst.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the peroxide in the one or more oxidation stages is hydrogen peroxide.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the pH in the one or more oxidation stages ranges from about 2 to about 6.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the catalyst in the one or more oxidation stages is an iron catalyst chosen from at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferrous ammonium sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric ammonium sulfate, or ferric ammonium citrate.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the iron catalyst in the one or more oxidation stages is added in an amount ranging from about 25 to about 250 ppm iron based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber and wherein the hydrogen peroxide in the one or more oxidation stages is added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 2% based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen peroxide in the two or more carboxylating acid stages is added in an amount from about 0.15% to about 0.8% by weight based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the two or more carboxylating acid stages comprise treatment with the addition of chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the two or more carboxylating acid stages comprise treatment with the addition of chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, and wherein the hydrogen peroxide is added in an amount from about 0.15% to about 0.8% by weight based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein two of the stages of the multi-stage bleaching process are oxidation stages comprising treating the cellulose fiber with a peroxide and a catalyst under acidic conditions.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein three of the stages of the multi-stage bleaching process are carboxylating acid stages comprising treatment with the addition of chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein three of the stages of the multi-stage bleaching process are carboxylating acid stages comprising treatment with the addition of chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-stage bleaching process is a five stage bleaching process.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-stage bleaching process is a five stage bleaching process comprising a sequence of D 0 (OX)(C/A)(OX)(C/A), where C/A refers to a carboxylating acid stage, D refers to a chlorine dioxide stage without the addition of hydrogen peroxide, and OX refers to an oxidation stage.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the multi-stage bleaching process is a five stage bleaching process comprising a sequence of (C/A)(OX)(C/A)(OX)(C/A), where C/A refers to a carboxylating acid stage and OX refers to an oxidation stage.
18. A method of making a modified acid-treated kraft fiber comprising:
subjecting cellulose fiber to a kraft pulping step;
oxygen delignifying the cellulose fiber following the kraft pulping step;
bleaching the cellulose fiber following oxygen delignification using a five stage bleaching process comprising a sequence of (C/A)(OX)(C/A)(OX)(C/A), wherein C/A refers to a carboxylating acid stage comprising treating the cellulose fiber with chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, and wherein OX refers to an oxidation stage comprising treating the cellulose fiber with an iron catalyst and hydrogen peroxide at an acidic pH.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the iron catalyst in the oxidation stages is chosen from at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferrous ammonium sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric ammonium sulfate, or ferric ammonium citrate and is added in an amount ranging from about 25 to about 250 ppm iron based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber; wherein the hydrogen peroxide in the oxidation stages is added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 2% based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber; wherein the pH of the oxidation stages is from about 2 to about 6; and wherein the hydgrogen peroxide in the carboxylating acid stages is added in an amount from about 0.15% to about 0.8% by weight based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber.
20. A method of making a modified acid-treated kraft fiber comprising:
subjecting cellulose fiber to a kraft pulping step;
oxygen delignifying the cellulose fiber following the kraft pulping step;
bleaching the cellulose fiber following oxygen delignification using a five stage bleaching process comprising a sequence of D 0 (OX)(C/A)(OX)(C/A), wherein C/A refers to acid-treatment stages comprising treating the cellulose fiber with chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, D refers to a chlorine dioxide stage without the addition of hydrogen peroxide, and wherein OX refers to oxidation stages comprising treating the cellulose fiber with an iron catalyst and hydrogen peroxide at an acidic pH.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the iron catalyst in the oxidation stages is chosen from at least one of ferrous sulfate, ferrous chloride, ferrous ammonium sulfate, ferric chloride, ferric ammonium sulfate, or ferric ammonium citrate and is added in an amount ranging from about 25 to about 250 ppm iron based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber; wherein the hydrogen peroxide in the oxidation stages is added in an amount from about 0.1% to about 2% based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber; wherein the pH of the oxidation stages is from about 2 to about 6; and wherein the hydgrogen peroxide in the carboxylating acid stages is added in an amount from about 0.15% to about 0.8% by weight based on the dry weight of the cellulose fiber.