Method for marking bundles of power lines for diagnosis by reflectometry and corresponding kit

1. A method for diagnosing, by reflectometry, a bundle of electrical lines which has at least one input point and a plurality of branches, the method comprising:

inserting passive electrical tags in the branches of the bundle, the passive electrical tags having frequency characteristics that differ from one another;

injecting a test signal into the bundle from a given input point that forms a common input for all the branches of the bundle;

receiving, at the given input point, a set of reflected signals produced by reflections of the test signal in the branches of the bundle;

analyzing the set of reflected signals by identifying the passive electrical tags and assigning each reflected signal to one of the branches of the bundle based on the frequency characteristic of the passive electrical tag inserted in said branch; and

identifying the presence/absence of a fault in said branch by comparing the reflected signal assigned to said branch to a reflected signal model obtained by modeling the reflection of the test signal in said branch in the absence of any faults in said branch.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the passive electrical tags comprise electrical dipoles and/or quadripoles that are linear and/or nonlinear.

3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein at least some of the low-pass filters are second-order low-pass filters.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the passive electrical tags comprise low-pass filters.

5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein at least some of the low-pass filters have different cutoff frequencies.

6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein at least some of the low-pass filters have different cut-off slopes.

7. The method according to claim 4 , wherein at least some of the low-pass filters are first-order low-pass filters.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the test signal is produced by a test signal generation module that comprises:

a digital-to-analog converter, and

an injection coupling member.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the set of reflected signals is received by an electrical signal detection module that comprises:

a reception coupling member, and

an analog-to-digital converter.

10. A bundle of electrical lines which has an input point and a plurality of branches, comprising a plurality of passive electrical tags each inserted in one of the branches of the bundle, the branches provided with a respective one of the passive electrical tags being marked branches associated to the input point,

wherein the passive electrical tags have frequency characteristics that differ from one another, so that the respective frequency characteristics allow characterizing one marked branch relative to the others by internal reflections in the bundle that are induced by a test signal injected from the input point during a diagnosis by reflectometry.

11. The bundle according to claim 10 , wherein each passive electrical tag has an impedance equal to a characteristic impedance of the branch in which it is inserted, at least for electrical signal frequencies corresponding to operating frequencies of the bundle.

12. The bundle according to claim 10 , the bundle being an equipment for land, air, or space vehicle, or for a vehicle for sea or river transport, suitable for service on board the vehicle.

13. The bundle according to claim 10 , wherein the passive electrical tags are each selected from the group which includes:

electrical dipoles and/or quadripoles that are linear and/or nonlinear; and

low-pass filters.

14. A kit for diagnosis, by reflectometry, of a bundle of electrical lines which has an input point and a plurality of branches, comprising:

a plurality of passive electrical tags each adapted for insertion in one of the branches of the bundle, the passive electrical tags having frequency characteristics that differ from one another and are adapted to transfer a signature in reflected signals produced in the branches by reflections of a test signal during a diagnosis by reflectometry;

a test signal generation module adapted for connection to the input point and for injecting a test signal into the bundle from the input point, the input point forming a common input for the plurality of branches;

a detection module for detecting electrical signals, adapted for connection to the input point and for receiving a set of reflected signals produced by reflections of the test signal in the branches of the bundle; and

a processing module adapted for connection to the detection module and for analyzing the set of reflected signals by identifying the passive electrical tags and assigning each reflected signal to one of the branches of the bundle based on the frequency characteristic of the passive electrical tag inserted in said branch, and for identifying a presence/absence of a fault in said branch by comparing the reflected signal assigned to said branch to a reflected signal model obtained by modeling the reflection of the test signal in said branch in the absence of any fault in said branch.

15. The kit according to claim 14 , wherein the passive electrical tags are each selected from the group which includes:

electrical dipoles and/or quadripoles that are linear and/or nonlinear; and

low-pass filters.