Methods for additively manufacturing composite parts
A method of additively manufacturing a composite part comprises applying a liquid photopolymer resin to a non-resin component to create a continuous flexible line by pulling the non-resin component through a vessel, containing a volume of the liquid photopolymer resin. The continuous flexible line comprises the non-resin component and a photopolymer-resin component that comprises at least some of the liquid photopolymer resin applied to the non-resin component. The method further comprises routing the continuous flexible line into a delivery guide, pushing the continuous flexible line out of the delivery guide, depositing, via the delivery guide, a segment of the continuous flexible line along a print path, and delivering curing energy at least to a portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
1. A method of additively manufacturing a composite part, the method comprising:
applying a liquid photopolymer resin to a non-resin component to create a continuous flexible line by pulling the non-resin component through a vessel, containing a volume of the liquid photopolymer resin, wherein the continuous flexible line comprises the non-resin component and a photopolymer-resin component that comprises at least some of the liquid photopolymer resin, applied to the non-resin component;
routing the continuous flexible line into a delivery guide;
pushing the continuous flexible line out of the delivery guide using a feed mechanism, wherein the feed mechanism comprises opposing rollers and a scraper that is in contact with at least one of the opposing rollers;
removing, using the scraper, residue of the photopolymer-resin component, produced by the engagement between the opposing rollers and the continuous flexible line as the opposing rollers rotate to translate the continuous flexible line to push the continuous flexible line through the delivery guide;
collecting, into a collection reservoir, the residue of the photopolymer-resin component, removed by the scraper;
depositing, via the delivery guide, a segment of the continuous flexible line along a print path; and
delivering curing energy at least to a portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
2. The method according to claim 1 ,
wherein:
the vessel is separate from the delivery guide;
the vessel comprises an inlet and an outlet;
the vessel receives the non-resin component through the inlet and dispenses the continuous flexible line through the outlet; and
the outlet comprises a convergent passage, shaped to limit an amount of the liquid photopolymer resin exiting the vessel as part of the continuous flexible line.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the convergent passage is further shaped to facilitate uniform application of the liquid photopolymer resin to the non-resin component.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the convergent passage is further shaped to facilitate penetration of the liquid photopolymer resin into the non-resin component.
5. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising detecting a level of the liquid photopolymer resin within the vessel and selectively delivering the liquid photopolymer resin to the vessel when the volume of the liquid photopolymer resin is at or below a lower-threshold level.
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein pulling the non-resin component through the vessel comprises uniformly applying the liquid photopolymer resin to the non-resin component.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein pulling the non-resin component through the vessel comprises configuring the non-resin component to have no bend less than 60-degreees between any two sequential segments of the non-resin component within the vessel.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the curing energy is delivered at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line as the continuous flexible line is pushed through the delivery guide toward the print path and after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein delivering the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line comprises delivering a predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at a controlled rate while advancing the continuous flexible line toward the print path and after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path to at least partially cure at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein delivering the predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises partially curing a first layer of the segment of the continuous flexible line as the first layer is being deposited and further curing the first layer as a second layer is being deposited against the first layer.
11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein delivering the predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises curing less than an entirety of the composite part.
12. The method according to claim 9 , wherein delivering the predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises selectively varying at least one of a delivery rate or a delivery duration of the curing energy to impart varying physical characteristics to the composite part.
13. The method according to claim 9 , wherein delivering the predetermined or actively determined amount of the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line at the controlled rate comprises partially curing a first layer of the segment of the continuous flexible line as the first layer is being deposited and fully curing the first layer as a second layer is being deposited against the first layer.
14. The method according to claim 1 , wherein depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path comprises layering the continuous flexible line against itself or a previously deposited segment to additively manufacture the composite part.
15. The method according to claim 1 , wherein depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path comprises depositing the continuous flexible line in a predetermined pattern to selectively control one or more physical characteristics of the composite part.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the physical characteristics include at least one of strength, stiffness, flexibility, ductility, or hardness.
17. The method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path or delivering the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line provides different physical characteristics at different locations of the composite part.
18. The method according to claim 17 , wherein the physical characteristics include at least one of strength, stiffness, flexibility, ductility, or hardness.
19. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising restrictively curing at least a portion of the composite part.
20. The method according to claim 19 , wherein the portion of the composite part is restrictively cured to facilitate subsequent processing of the portion.
21. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, compacting at least a section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path.
22. The method according to claim 21 , wherein compacting at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path comprises imparting a desired cross-sectional shape to the segment of the continuous flexible line.
23. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, roughening at least a section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path.
24. The method according to claim 23 , further comprising, simultaneously with roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line, collecting debris resulting from roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
25. The method according to claim 23 , further comprising, simultaneously with roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line, dispersing debris resulting from roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
26. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising selectively cutting the continuous flexible line.
27. The method according to claim 26 , wherein the continuous flexible line is selectively cut simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path.
28. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, detecting defects in the composite part.
29. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising curing the composite part in an autoclave or an oven.
30. The method according to claim 1 ,
wherein:
the delivery guide comprises a guide line passage, through which the continuous flexible line is delivered to the print path;
the guide line passage of the delivery guide has an inlet;
the feed mechanism pushes the continuous flexible line through the guide line passage;
the opposing rollers have respective rotational axes;
the delivery guide further comprises a first end portion, a second end portion, and a junction between the first end portion and the second end portion;
the first end portion is shaped to be complementary to one of the opposing rollers and the second end portion is shaped to be complementary to another of the opposing rollers; and
a shortest distance (D) between the junction and a plane, containing the respective rotational axes of the opposing rollers, is less than a radius of a smallest one of the opposing rollers.
31. The method according to claim 30 , wherein the junction comprises an edge.
32. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least one of the opposing rollers comprises a circumferential channel that contacts the continuous flexible line; and
the scraper comprises a projection that removes, from the circumferential channel, the residue of the photopolymer-resin component, produced by the engagement between the circumferential channel and the continuous flexible line as the opposing rollers rotate to translate the continuous flexible line, pushing the continuous flexible line through the delivery guide.
33. The method according to claim 1 , wherein pulling the non-resin component through the vessel comprises limiting an amount of the liquid photopolymer resin that exits the vessel.
34. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with delivering the curing energy at least to the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line, at least partially protecting at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line from oxidation after the segment exits the delivery guide.
35. The method according to claim 34 , wherein at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line is at least partially protected from the oxidation with a shielding gas.
36. The method according to claim 1 , wherein depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path comprises depositing at least a portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line over a sacrificial layer.
37. The method according to claim 36 , further comprising removing the sacrificial layer to form the composite part.
38. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the continuous flexible line is a first continuous flexible line and the segment of the continuous flexible line is a first segment of the first continuous flexible line, and the method further comprises depositing a second segment of a second continuous flexible line along the print path, wherein the second continuous flexible line includes at least one component that differs from at least one component of the first continuous flexible line.