Integrated air and vapor cycle cooling system
A cooling system in which an ACS (air cycle system) turbine may be driven by high pressure air from a turbo-fan engine and a VCS (vapor cycle system) having an evaporator and a VCS refrigerant compressor may be driven by the ACS turbine. Fluid of the chilled fluid reservoir, which may be chilled fuel, may be circulated through and cooled in the evaporator. In some embodiments, the ACS turbine may be coupled to the VCS refrigerant compressor by a magnetic coupling.
1. A cooling system, comprising:
an air cycle system (ACS) comprising a two-stage turbine driven by air from a turbo-fan engine;
a vapor cycle system (VCS) comprising an evaporator, a two-stage compressor driven by the turbine, and a condenser cooled by discharge from the turbine;
wherein the evaporator receives a liquid refrigerant from the condenser;
wherein the condenser receives a gas refrigerant from a second stage of the compressor;
wherein a first stage of the compressor receives a liquid/gas refrigerant from the evaporator;
a liquid coolant reservoir directly downstream of the evaporator;
a heat exchanger directly downstream of the liquid coolant reservoir;
wherein the heat exchanger is upstream of the evaporator with only a coolant pump and ducting between the heat exchanger and the evaporator;
wherein the heat exchanger receives a thermal load from outside of the cooling system; and
wherein liquid coolant from the from the heat exchanger is re-circulated back through the evaporator and then through the liquid coolant reservoir.
2. The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising:
an expansion valve between the condenser and the evaporator.
3. The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising a magnetic coupling between the turbine and the compressor.
4. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the liquid coolant is engine fuel.
5. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the liquid coolant is selected from the group consisting of polyalphaolephin (PAO), water, or water mixtures such as ethylene glycol and water (EGW) or propylene glycol and water (PGW).
6. The cooling system of claim 1 wherein the thermal load is selected from the group consisting of air for cockpit cooling, aircraft electronics loads, aircraft avionics, and directed energy weapons.
7. The cooling system of claim 1 , wherein the air from the turbo-fan engine is provided by a third stream air.
8. The cooling system of claim 1 further comprising a control valve between the turbo-fan engine and the turbine to control an air flow to the turbine for adjusting a speed of the turbine as needed according to variations in aircraft thermal loads.
9. A cooling system, comprising:
an air cycle system (ACS) comprising a two-stage turbine driven by air from an engine;
wherein a first stage of the turbine receives the engine air;
a vapor cycle system (VCS) comprising a two-stage compressor driven by the turbine, a condenser cooled by a second stage turbine discharge, and an evaporator;
wherein the two-stage turbine drives a second stage of the compressor and also drives, via the second stage of the compressor, a first stage of the compressor;
wherein the first stage of the compressor receives a discharge from the evaporator;
a magnetic coupling directly between the first stage of the turbine and the second stage of the compressor;
wherein there is an absence of system components between the first stage of the turbine and the second stage of the compressor other than a shaft with a magnetic coupling; and
wherein the condenser receives a discharge flow directly from the second stage of the compressor and receives a discharge flow directly from a cooling stage of the turbine.
10. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein the magnetic coupling hermetically isolates the refrigerant compressor.
11. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein the engine is a variable cycle engine.
12. The cooling system of claim 9 wherein the engine is a turbo-fan engine.
13. The cooling system of claim 9 further comprising a control valve between the turbo-fan engine and the turbine to control an air flow to the turbine for adjusting a speed of the turbine according to variations in aircraft thermal loads.