Methods for expanding and maintaining human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in an undifferentiated state in a single cell suspension culture

1. A method of expanding and maintaining human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in an undifferentiated state in a single cell suspension culture, the method comprising:

(a) passaging the human PSCs in a suspension culture by mechanical dissociation of PSC clumps to single cells for at least 2 and no more than 10 passages, to thereby obtain a suspension culture of human PSCs devoid of clumps, and subsequently;

(b) passaging said suspension culture of human PSCs devoid of said clumps,

thereby expanding and maintaining the human PSCs in the undifferentiated state in the single cell suspension culture, wherein the cells of step (a) and cells of step (b) are passaged for at least a total of 15 passages and cultured for at least a month in a culture medium which comprises (i) interleukin 11 (IL11) and Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF); (ii) basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and the IL6RIL6 chimera; (iii) a soluble interleukin 6 (IL6) receptor and a gp130 agonist; or (iv) interleukin 11 (IL11) and oncostatin, and wherein following step (b) at least 50% of said human pluripotent stem cells are characterized by an OCT4 + /TRA1-60 − /TRA1-81 − /SSEA1 + /SSEA4 − expression signature.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein culturing in said single cell suspension culture is performed under culture conditions which allow expansion of the pluripotent stem cells in the undifferentiated state.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said passaging of step (a) and said passaging of step (b) are performed under conditions devoid of an enzymatic dissociation.

4. A method of cloning human pluripotent stem cells, comprising:

culturing a single human pluripotent stem cell obtained according to the method of claim 1 in a suspension culture under conditions which allow expansion of said single human pluripotent stem cell in the undifferentiated state, thereby expanding said single human pluripotent stem cell into a clonal culture, thereby cloning the human pluripotent stem cells.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said suspension culture devoid of clumps comprises single cells or small clusters, each of said clusters comprising no more than about 200 human pluripotent stem cells.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said suspension culture is devoid of substrate adherence.

7. The method of claim 2 , wherein said culture conditions being devoid of a Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said culture medium (iii) is serum-free, and wherein said gp130 agonist in said culture medium (iii) is interleukin 6 (IL6).

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bFGF in said culture medium (ii) is provided at a concentration of at least 50 ng/ml.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said culture medium (ii) further comprises an animal contaminant-free serum replacement.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein a concentration of said sIL6R is at least 5 ng/ml, and wherein a concentration of said IL6 is at least 3 ng/ml.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said culture medium (i), (iii) or (iv) further comprises said bFGF.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said suspension culture is devoid of feeder cell support.

14. The method of claim 4 , wherein said human pluripotent stem cell is maintained in said clonal culture for at least 5 passages.