Via configuration for wafer-to-wafer interconnection
A modification to the standard layout of vias used for vertically-stacked wafer bonding is proposed which has been found to improve the interconnect overlay while avoiding the dishing problems associated with the planarization processes used in the creation of conductive posts within the vias. In particular, the pitch, i.e. the spacing between adjacent posts, is intentionally chosen to be different for each wafer. By using different pitches, there is an increase in the probability of overlap of posts on each wafer, even when one wafer is slightly offset with respect to the other (which is possible when aligning one wafer with another in a standard bonding tool). Advantageously, the use of different pitches allows for the use of relatively small diameter (one micron or less) posts while still creating sufficient overlap for the necessary connections.
1. A vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
a first integrated circuit substrate including a first plurality of bond posts, with adjacent bond posts separated by a predetermined first pitch P bot and each of the first plurality of bond posts exhibits a diameter D 1 less than P bot ; and
a second integrated circuit substrate including a second plurality of bond posts, with adjacent bond posts of the second plurality of bond posts separated by a predetermined second pitch P top and each of the second plurality of bond posts exhibits a diameter D 2 less than P top , wherein P top ≠P bot , wherein P top =P 0 /(N+1), P bot =P 0 /(N−1), wherein P 0 is defined as a nominal pitch and N is defined as a pitch factor and is an integer greater than one; wherein D 1 and D 2 are each no less than (2P 0 /(N 2 −1)), wherein the first integrated circuit substrate and the second integrated circuit substrate are vertically arranged such that at least one of the second plurality of bond posts overlaps at least a portion of at least one of the first plurality of bond posts, and wherein the first integrated circuit substrate and the second integrated circuit substrate are electrically and physically connected between the overlapped portion of the at least one of the first plurality of bond posts and the at least one of the second plurality of bond posts.
2. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein D 1 is no greater than one micron.
3. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein D 1 is essentially equal to D 2 .
4. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein
P
top
=
(
N
-
x
N
+
x
)
P
bot
,
wherein x is defined as a pitch step greater than zero and less than N.
5. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 4 , wherein x=1.
6. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of bond posts is formed of a conductive material.
7. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 6 , wherein the first plurality of bond posts is formed of a metal.
8. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 7 , wherein the first plurality of bond posts is formed of copper.
9. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the second plurality of bond posts is formed of a conductive material.
10. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 9 , wherein the second plurality of bond posts is formed of a metal.
11. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 10 , wherein the second plurality of bond posts is formed of copper.
12. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first integrated circuit substrate comprises a semiconductor wafer.
13. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the second integrated circuit substrate comprises an integrated circuit die.
14. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first integrated circuit substrate comprises an integrated circuit die.
15. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the second integrated circuit substrate comprises a semiconductor wafer.
16. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of bond posts and the second plurality of bond posts are disposed as one-dimensional arrays along respective surfaces of the first integrated circuit substrate and the second integrated circuit substrate.
17. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of bond posts and the second plurality of bond posts are disposed as two-dimensional arrays across respective surfaces of the first integrated circuit substrate and the second integrated circuit substrate.
18. A vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly, comprising:
a first integrated circuit substrate including a first plurality of bond posts, with adjacent bond posts separated by a predetermined first pitch P bot and each of the first plurality of bond posts exhibits a circumradius C 1 less than P bot ; and
a second integrated circuit substrate including a second plurality of bond posts, with adjacent bond posts separated by a predetermined second pitch P top and each of the second plurality of bond posts exhibits a circumradius C 2 less than P top ;
wherein P top ≠P bot ;
wherein P top =P 0 /(N+1);
wherein P bot =P 0 /(N−1);
wherein C 1 and C 2 are each no less than (2P 0 /(N 2 −1));
wherein P 0 is defined as a nominal pitch and N is defined as a pitch factor and is an integer greater than one;
wherein the first integrated circuit substrate and the second integrated circuit substrate are vertically arranged such that at least one of the second plurality of bond posts overlaps at least a portion of at least one of the first plurality of bond posts, thereby causing the first integrated circuit substrate and the second integrated circuit substrate to be electrically and physically connected.
19. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 18 , wherein C 1 is essentially equal to C 2 .
20. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 18 ,
wherein each of the first plurality of bond posts exhibits a circular shape in a plan view; and
wherein each of the second plurality of bond posts exhibits a circular shape in the plan view.
21. The vertically-stacked integrated circuit assembly as defined in claim 18 ,
wherein each of the first plurality of bond posts exhibits a polygonal shape in a plan view; and
wherein each of the second plurality of bond posts exhibits a polygonal shape in the plan view.