Activitation of natural pozzolans
An activated pozzolan composition includes a fine interground particulate blend of an initially unactivated natural pozzolan and a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) different than the initially unactivated natural pozzolan. The initially unactivated natural pozzolan may include volcanic ash or other natural pozzolanic deposit having a moisture content of at least 3%, and the activated pozzolan composition can have a moisture content less than 0.5% The initially unactivated natural pozzolan may have a particle size less than 1 mm before intergrinding with the SCM. The SCM used to activate the initially unactivated natural pozzolan can be initially coarse or granular with a size greater than 1-3 μm and may include granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, other metallurgical slag, pumice, limestone, fine aggregate, shale, tuff, trass, geologic material, waste glass, glass shards, basalt, sinters, ceramics, recycled bricks, recycled concrete, refractory materials, other waste industrial products, sand, or natural mineral.
1. A method of activating a natural pozzolan, comprising:
intergrinding limestone with an initially unactivated natural pozzolan to form an interground particulate material,
wherein the initially unactivated natural pozzolan comprises volcanic ash with a moisture content of at least 3%, and
wherein the interground particulate material has a moisture content of less than 0.5%.
2. The method claim 1 , wherein the limestone is granular with a particle size of at least 2 mm.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein intergrinding is performed, at least in part, by at least one of a vertical roller miller, a high pressure grinding roll, a horizontal roll press, a ball mill, a rod mill, a hammer mill, a jaw mill, a Raymond mill, a jet mill, a dry bead mill, or an ultrasonic fracturing mill.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein intergrinding is performed, at least in part, by at least one of a vertical roller miller, a high pressure grinding roll, or a horizontal roll press.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan has a particle size initially smaller than 1 mm before intergrinding.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the natural pozzolan comprises volcanic ash.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising combining the interground particulate material with at least one additional material selected from the group consisting of fly ash, bottom ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, ground pumice, metakaolin, calcined clay, and calcium oxide.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising blending the interground particulate material comprising activated natural pozzolan with Portland cement as defined by ASTM C-150.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the interground particulate material and the Portland cement form a dry blended cement.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising blending the interground particulate material and the Portland cement with water and aggregate to form a cementitious composition in which the activated natural pozzolan reacts pozzolanically with calcium hydroxide released during hydration of the Portland cement.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fine interground particulate material has a d90 equal to or less than about 45 μm and greater than about 10 μm.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fine interground particulate material has a d90 equal to or less than about 25 μm and greater than 5 μm.
13. A method of activating a natural pozzolan, comprising:
intergrinding a granular material selected from the group consisting of limestone, granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, metallurgical slags, pumice, fine aggregates, shale, tuff, trass, geologic materials, waste glass, glass shards, basalt, sinters, ceramics, recycled bricks, recycled concrete, refractory materials, other waste industrial products, sand, and natural minerals with an initially unactivated natural pozzolan to form an interground particulate material,
wherein the initially unactivated natural pozzolan has a moisture content of at least 3%, and wherein the interground particulate material has a moisture content of less than 0.5%.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein intergrinding is performed, at least in part, by at least one of a vertical roller miller, a high pressure grinding roll, a horizontal roll press, a ball mill, a rod mill, a hammer mill, a jaw mill, a Raymond mill, a jet mill, a dry bead mill, or an ultrasonic fracturing mill.
15. The method claim 13 , wherein the granular material has a particle size of at least 2 mm.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein intergrinding is carried out by a vertical roller miller, a high pressure grinding roll, or a horizontal roll press.
17. The method of claim 13 , further comprising combining the interground particulate material with at least one additional material selected from the group consisting of fly ash, bottom ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, ground pumice, metakaolin, calcined clay, and calcium oxide.
18. The method of claim 13 , further comprising blending the interground particulate material with Portland cement, water and aggregate to form a cementitious composition in which the activated natural pozzolan reacts pozzolanically with calcium hydroxide released during hydration of the Portland cement.