Solid-state power converters

1. A phase leg for a multilevel inverter, comprising:

a first DC lead;

an outer solid-state switch connected to the first DC lead;

an inner solid-state switch connected in series with the outer solid-state switch; and

a midpoint-clamping device connected between a second DC lead and a node between the inner and outer solid-state switches, wherein the midpoint-clamping device is a bi-directional current flow device for reducing conduction losses associated with current flowing through the device,

wherein the inner solid-state switch is a first inner solid-state switch, and further including a second inner solid-state switch connected in series with the first inner solid-state switch,

wherein the outer solid-state switch is a first outer solid-state switch, and further including a second outer solid-state switch connected in series with the second inner solid-state switch,

wherein the midpoint-clamping device is a first midpoint-clamping device and further including a second midpoint-clamping device connected between the second DC lead and a node arranged between the second inner and second outer solid-state switches,

wherein the second midpoint-clamping device is a bi-directional current flow device for reducing conduction losses associated with current flowing through the device.

2. The phase leg as recited in claim 1 , wherein the midpoint-clamping device is a MOSFET.

3. The phase leg as recited in claim 1 , further including a diode connected in parallel with the midpoint-clamping device.

4. The phase leg as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inner and outer solid-state switches are MOSFET devices.

5. The phase leg as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inner and outer solid-state switches are IGBT devices.

6. The phase leg as recited in claim 1 , wherein the inner solid-state switch is a first inner solid-state switch, and further including a second inner solid-state switch connected in series with the first inner solid-state switch.

7. The phase leg as recited in claim 6 , wherein the outer solid-state switch is a first outer solid-state switch, and further including a second outer solid-state switch connected in series with the second inner solid-state switch.

8. The phase leg as recited in claim 1 , wherein the second DC lead is a middle DC lead connected to opposite ends of the first and second inner solid-state switch through the first and second midpoint-clamping devices.

9. The phase leg as recited in claim 1 , wherein the first DC lead is a positive DC lead directly connected to the outer solid-state switch, and further including a negative DC lead connected to the outer solid-state switch through the inner solid-state switch.

10. A phase leg for a multilevel inverter, comprising:

a first DC lead;

an outer solid-state switch connected to the first DC lead;

an inner solid-state switch connected in series with the outer solid-state switch;

a first midpoint-clamping device connected between a second DC lead and a node between the inner and outer solid-state switches; and

a second midpoint-clamping device connected between the second DC lead and inner solid-state switch,

wherein the first and second midpoint-clamping device are bi-directional current flow device for reducing conduction losses associated with current flowing through the device,

wherein the first DC lead is a positive DC lead directly connected to the outer solid-state switch, and further including a negative DC lead connected to the outer solid-state switch through the inner solid-state switch,

wherein the phase leg is a three-state phase leg having a first state connecting the positive DC lead to an AC lead, a second state connecting the negative DC lead to the AC lead, and a third state connecting the middle DC lead to the AC lead through both the first and second midpoint-clamping devices.

11. A multilevel neutral point clamped inverter, comprising:

a positive DC lead, a middle DC lead, and a negative DC lead;

a first AC lead, a second AC lead, and a third AC lead; and

a first phase leg coupled between the DC leads and the first AC lead, a second phase leg coupled between the DC leads and the second AC lead, and a third phase leg connected between the DC leads and the third AC lead, wherein each phase leg includes:

a first outer solid-state switch connected to the positive DC lead;

a first inner solid-state switch connected in series with the first outer solid-state switch and one of the first, second, and third AC leads;

a second inner solid-state switch connected in series with the first inner solid-state switch;

a second outer solid-state switch connected in series with the second inner solid-state device and to the negative DC lead;

a first bi-directional current flow midpoint-clamping device connected between the middle DC lead and between the first outer and first inner solid-state switch devices; and

a second bi-directional current flow midpoint-clamping device connected between the middle DC lead and between the first outer and first inner solid-state switch devices,

wherein the phase leg is a three-state phase leg having a first state connecting the positive DC lead to the AC lead, a second state connecting the negative DC lead to the AC lead, and a third state connecting the middle DC lead through both the midpoint-clamping devices to the AC lead.

12. The inverter as recited in claim 11 , wherein each of the first, second, third and fourth solid-state switch devices are IGBT devices.

13. The inverter as recited in claim 11 , wherein the first and second reverse current flow midpoint-clamping devices are MOSFET devices.