Photonic engine system for actuating the photosynthetic electron transport chain
A horticultural system having lighting elements pulsed with an off time proportional to the turnover time of the photosynthetic electron transport chain of a plant. The lighting elements emit light at a wavelength within 20 nanometers (nm) of a peak absorption of the pigment of the plant and are controlled to provide light at predetermined intervals as needed by the plant cause photosynthesis and reduce excess unproductive light.
1. A horticultural system for growing a plant under artificial lighting comprising:
a first lighting element positioned in spaced relation to the plant to emit a first light onto the plant;
said first light comprising wavelengths that are within 20 nanometers (nm) of a peak absorption of a first pigment of the plant;
a second lighting element positioned in spaced relation to a plant emit a second light onto the plant;
said second light comprising wavelengths that are within 20 nm of a peak absorption of a second pigment of the plant; and
a controller electrically coupled to said first lighting element and said second lighting element;
wherein the controller operates the first lighting element and the second lighting element such that the first light and the second light from the first lighting element and the second lighting element are pulsed to provide non-synchronous predetermined intervals of light with an off time between pulses proportional to a turnover time of a photosynthetic electron transport chain of the plant;
the predetermined intervals of light including a series of one-microsecond pulses where individual lighting elements are turned on and off during the entire predetermined interval of light;
the off time between pulses proportional to the turnover time of a photosynthetic electron transport chain including a first off-time, a second off-time longer than the first off-time; a third off-time longer than the second off-time, and a fourth off-time longer than the third off-time;
wherein the first light has a greater radiometric intensity than the second light; and
wherein the radiometric intensity of the first light is proportional to the radiometric intensity of the second light.
2. The horticultural system of claim 1 wherein the wavelengths of the first light are between 655 nm and 740 nm and the wavelengths of the second light are between 425 nm and 465 nm.
3. The horticultural system of claim 2 wherein the predetermined intervals include: an on-pulse time for the first light for a first light duration of 2 seconds, and an on-pulse time for the second light for a second light duration of 3 milliseconds.
4. The horticultural system of claim 1 wherein the radiometric intensity of the first light is proportional to the radiometric intensity of the second light at a ratio of four to one.
5. The horticultural system of claim 1 wherein the ratio of radiometric intensity of the first light compared to the radiometric intensity of the second light remain constant as the first lighting element and second lighting element are dimmed.
6. The horticultural system of claim 1 wherein the first lighting element and the second lighting element are light emitting diodes.
7. The horticultural system of claim 1 wherein the first pigment of the plant is chlorophyll A and the second pigment of the plant is chlorophyll B.
8. The horticultural system of claim 1 wherein the first off-time is a 70 microsecond off time between a first predetermined interval of light and a second predetermined interval of light, and the second off-time is a 190 microsecond off time between the second predetermined interval of light and a third predetermined interval of light.
9. The horticultural system of claim 8 wherein the third off-time is a 200 microsecond off time between the third predetermined interval of light and a fourth predetermined interval of light, and the fourth off-time is a 1130 microsecond off time between a fourth predetermined interval of light and the first predetermined interval of light of a next cycle.
10. The horticultural system of claim 1 wherein the predetermined intervals of light are selected from a set of periods consisting of: 20 microseconds, and 30 microseconds.
11. The horticultural system of claim 1 wherein the first off-time is a 70 microsecond off time between a first predetermined interval of light and a second predetermined interval of light;
the second off-time is a 190 microsecond off time between the second predetermined interval of light and a third predetermined interval of light;
the third off-time is a 200 microsecond off time between the third predetermined interval of light and a fourth predetermined interval of light; and
the fourth off-time is a 1.1-1.6 millisecond off time between a fourth predetermined interval of light and the first predetermined interval of light of a next cycle.