Barrier coating system
The present disclosure provides a barrier-coating structure that includes a polymer-matrix composite having a first surface and a second surface. The barrier-coating structure includes a flexible layer having a first surface and a second surface and a sol-gel layer having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface of the flexible layer contacts the second surface of the flexible layer. The barrier-coating structure includes a barrier layer having a first surface and a second surface. The sol-gel and/or the barrier layer may comprise one or more reactive substituents. The first surface of the barrier layer may be a laser-ablated surface.
1. A barrier-coating structure comprising:
a polymer-matrix composite comprising a first surface and a second surface;
a flexible layer comprising an electrically conductive material and having a first surface and a second surface;
a sol-gel layer comprising a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the sol-gel layer contacting the second surface of the flexible layer; and
a barrier layer comprising a first surface and a second surface.
2. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-matrix composite and/or flexible layer comprises one or more reactive substituents selected from the group consisting of phthalonitrile, phenylethynyl, glycidyl, anhydride, amine, nadic, and combinations thereof.
3. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the sol-gel and/or the flexible layer comprises one or more reactive substituents selected from the group consisting of phthalonitrile, phenylethynyl, glycidyl, anhydride, amine, nadic, and combinations thereof.
4. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the sol-gel and/or the barrier layer comprises one or more reactive substituents selected from the group consisting of phthalonitrile, phenylethynyl, glycidyl, anhydride, nadic, amine, and combinations thereof.
5. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the first surface of the flexible layer comprises a first polymer comprising reactive substituents and the second surface of the flexible layer comprises a second polymer comprising reactive substituents, wherein the reactive substituents of the first polymer are not the same as the reactive substituents of second polymer.
6. The barrier-coating structure of claim 5 , wherein the reactive substituents of the first polymer and the second polymer are selected from the group consisting of phthalonitrile, phenylethynyl, glycidyl, anhydride, nadic, amine, and combinations thereof.
7. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the first surface of the sol-gel layer comprises a first polymer comprising reactive substituents and the second surface of the sol-gel layer comprises a second polymer comprising reactive substituents, wherein the reactive substituents of the first polymer are not the same as the reactive substituents of the second polymer.
8. The barrier-coating structure of claim 7 , wherein the reactive substituents of the first polymer and the second polymer are selected from the group consisting of phthalonitrile, phenylethynyl, glycidyl, anhydride, nadic, amine, and combinations thereof.
9. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-matrix composite has a first coefficient of thermal expansion and the barrier layer has a second coefficient of thermal expansion.
10. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the polymer-matrix composite is selected from the group consisting of a polyimide high-temperature polymer-matrix composite, a bismaleimide high-temperature polymer-matrix composite, an inorganic polymer, a polybenzoxazole, a polybenzoxazine, a polyetheretherketone, and combinations thereof.
11. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the flexible layer is selected from the group consisting of an elastomer, a silicone, a silane, a siloxane, a silazane, and combinations thereof.
12. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, a metal, and combinations thereof.
13. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the flexible layer has a thickness from about 0.5 micron to about 50 microns.
14. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the sol-gel layer is a silicon-zirconium-glycidyl sol-gel, alkoxysilane, chlorosilane, or mixtures thereof.
15. The barrier-coating structure of claim 1 , wherein the barrier layer has a thickness between about 1 micron and about 30 microns.
16. A barrier-coating structure, comprising:
a polymer-matrix composite comprising a first surface and a second surface;
a flexible layer comprising a first surface and a second surface;
a sol-gel layer comprising a first surface and a second surface, the first surface of the sol-gel layer contacting the second surface of the flexible layer; and
a barrier layer comprising a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface of the barrier layer is a laser-ablated surface.
17. The barrier-coating structure of claim 16 , wherein the second surface of the sol-gel layer penetrates the first surface of the barrier layer.
18. The barrier-coating structure of claim 16 , wherein the flexible layer further includes an electrically conductive material.
19. A method of making a barrier-coating structure, the method comprising:
laser ablating a first surface of a barrier layer to form a laser-ablated barrier surface;
contacting a first surface of a sol-gel layer with the laser-ablated barrier surface;
contacting a first surface of a flexible layer with a second surface of the sol-gel layer; and
contacting a first surface of a polymer-matrix composite layer with a second surface of the flexible layer.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising curing at least one of the barrier layer, the sol-gel layer, the flexible layer, and the polymer-matrix composite layer.