Biopolymer-based preservation of perishable products
Disclosed herein are biopolymer-based coatings and products incorporating such coatings. Related methods and use are also provided.
1. A product comprising a perishable item and a coating,
wherein at least a portion of the coating is in contact with at least a portion of the perishable item;
wherein the coating comprises an amphiphilic polypeptide; and
wherein the coating comprises a first crystallinity degree which is higher than a second crystallinity degree;
the first crystallinity degree having been produced by an annealing process, a crosslinking process, or a combination thereof applied to the coating after at least a portion of the coating was in contact with the perishable item; and
the second crystallinity degree being a crystallinity degree of the coating prior to the annealing process, the crosslinking process, or a combination thereof.
2. The product of claim 1 , wherein the amphiphilic polypeptide comprises an amorphous fraction and a crystalline fraction.
3. The product of claim 2 , wherein the amorphous fraction is or comprises random coil structure, and wherein the crystalline fraction is or comprises a domain of a protein or derivative thereof that forms a beta-sheet structure.
4. The product of claim 3 , wherein the protein is selected from the group consisting of: fibroins, actins, collagens, catenins, claudins, coilins, elastins, elaunins, extensins, fibrillins, lamins, laminins, keratins, tublins, viral structural proteins, zein proteins, and any combinations thereof.
5. The product of claim 1 , wherein the amphiphilic polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence motif GAGAGS (SEQ ID NO: 25) or a plurality of GAGAGS repeats (SEQ ID NO: 25).
6. The product of claim 1 , wherein at least 65% of amino acids of the amphiphilic polypeptide are in the crystalline fraction.
7. The product of claim 1 , wherein at least one surface of the perishable item is in direct contact with the coating.
8. The product of claim 1 , wherein the coating has a water diffusivity of less than 10 −6 cm 2 /s.
9. The product of claim 1 , wherein the coating provides an oxygen permeability coefficient (Dk O2 ) of less than 10 −10 [ml O2 ·cm)/(cm·s·mmHg)].
10. The product of claim 1 , wherein the coating is transparent.
11. The product of claim 1 , wherein the coating is edible.
12. The product of claim 1 , wherein the coating is water-soluble.
13. The product of claim 1 , wherein the coating further comprises an additive.
14. The product of claim 13 , wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of: anti-microbial agents, antifungal agents, antibacterial agents, enzyme inhibitors, ethylene-capturing molecules, ethylene-absorbing agents, aluminosilicates, silk fibroin-based aerogels, oxidizing agents, potassium permanganate, ethylene receptor antagonists, porphyrins, hormones, hormone receptor agonists, hormone receptor antagonists, nutraceutical agents, dietary supplements, flavorings, sweeteners, perfumes, fragrances, colorings, and dyes, and any combinations thereof.
15. The product of claim 1 , wherein the coating does not contain an added plasticizing agent.
16. The product with a protective coating of claim 1 , wherein the amphiphilic polypeptide is silk fibroin.
17. The product of claim 16 , wherein the silk fibroin is high molecular weight silk fibroin, low molecular weight silk fibroin, or combination thereof.
18. A method for preserving a perishable product, the method comprising the steps of:
i) adding a coating to a perishable item to provide a product comprising the perishable item with the coating, characterized in that at least a portion of the coating is in direct contact with at least a portion of the perishable item, wherein the coating comprises one or more layers of an amphiphilic biopolymer;
ii) increasing crystallinity of the coating by an annealing process, a crosslinking process, or a combination thereof after at least a portion of the coating is in direct contact with at least a portion of the perishable item; and
iii) storing the product under a storage condition, such that the perishable item is preserved, as compared to a perishable item without the coating under the same storage condition.
19. The method of 18 , wherein the amphiphilic biopolymer is a hydrophobic polypeptide comprising a beta-sheet secondary structure.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the hydrophobic polypeptide is or comprises silk fibroin or fragment thereof.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the step (i) comprises dip-coating, spray-coating, powder-coating, wrapping, sealing, covering, layering, or any combination thereof.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the step (i) is repeated at least 2 times.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein the step of annealing or crosslinking comprises exposing the hydrophobic polypeptide to a high energy source.
24. The product of claim 1 , wherein the first crystallinity degree is at least 33.2%.