Method and apparatus for evaluating a weld junction between a terminal and an electrode element of a battery cell
A method and a test fixture for evaluating a weld seam joining an electrode foil element and a terminal of a battery cell include segmenting the weld seam joining the electrode foil element and the terminal into a plurality of zones. For each of the zones, an electrical current is applied between the terminal and the electrode foil element in the zone, and a resistance is determined across the terminal and the electrode foil element in the zone. Integrity of the weld seam is evaluated for each of the zones based upon the resistance between the terminal and the electrode foil element in the zone.
1. A method for evaluating a continuous weld seam joining an electrode foil element and a terminal of a battery cell, the method comprising:
segmenting the continuous weld seam joining the electrode foil element and the terminal into a plurality of nominal zones;
simultaneously applying an electrical current between the terminal and the electrode foil element in each of the nominal zones, wherein the applied electrical current is in the form of a sine wave;
determining a resistance across the terminal and the electrode foil element in each of the nominal zones employing an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method; and
evaluating integrity of the weld seam for each of the nominal zones based upon the resistance between the terminal and the electrode foil element in the respective nominal zone.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein evaluating the integrity of the weld seam for each of the zones comprises detecting a fault in the weld seam in the zone when the resistance for the respective zone is greater than a threshold resistance.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the threshold resistance correlates to a minimum threshold tensile strength of the respective zone of the weld seam.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying a current comprises applying a constant current between the terminal and the electrode foil element in the zone.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weld seam joins a tab portion of the electrode foil element and the terminal.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weld seam comprises an ultrasonically-formed weld seam.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weld seam comprises a laser-formed weld seam.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weld seam comprises an ion-beam weld seam.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weld seam comprises a resistance-formed weld seam.
10. A test fixture for evaluating a weld seam that joins a tab portion of an electrode foil element of a battery cell and a terminal, the test fixture comprising:
an end effector including an electrical test circuit including a current source electrically connected to a plurality of paired current probes and a data acquisition system electrically connected to a plurality of paired voltage probes, wherein the plurality of paired voltage probes and the plurality of paired current probes are disposed to straddle the weld seam in a plurality of zones when the end effector compressively engages the terminal of the battery cell;
a controller, in communication with the electrical test circuit and the data acquisition system of the end effector,
the controller including an instruction set, the instruction set being executable to:
simultaneously apply, via the plurality of paired current probes, an electrical current between the terminal and the electrode foil element in each of the zones, and
determine a resistance across the terminal and the electrode foil element in each of the zones, and
evaluate integrity of the weld seam for each of the zones based upon the resistance between the terminal and the electrode foil element in the zone.
11. The test fixture of claim 10 , wherein the instruction set executable to evaluate the integrity of the weld seam for each of the zones comprises the instruction set executable to detect a fault in the weld seam in the zone when the resistance for the respective zone is greater than a threshold resistance.
12. The test fixture of claim 11 , wherein the threshold resistance correlates to a minimum threshold tensile strength of the respective zone of the weld seam.
13. The test fixture of claim 10 , wherein the instruction set executable to apply a current comprises the instruction set executable to apply a constant current between the terminal and the electrode foil element in the zone.
14. The test fixture of claim 10 , wherein the weld seam joins a tab portion of the electrode foil element and the terminal.
15. The test fixture of claim 10 , wherein the weld seam comprises an ultrasonically-formed weld seam.
16. The test fixture of claim 10 , wherein the weld seam comprises a laser-formed weld seam.
17. The test fixture of claim 10 , wherein the weld seam comprises an ion-beam weld seam.
18. The test fixture of claim 10 , wherein the weld seam comprises a resistance-formed weld seam.
19. The test fixture of claim 10 , wherein the applied electrical current is in the form of a sine wave, and wherein the resistance across the terminal and the electrode foil element in each of the nominal zones is determined employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.