Method and apparatus for increasing absorption of medications and cosmeceuticals through the skin of the user
A self-contained “battery-free” iontophoresis apparatus and method are provided.
1. A device for increasing absorption of substances through the skin of an animal or human, comprising, in order:
a substrate layer;
a treatment substance carrying layer holding a treatment substrate, carried on said substrate layer; and
a cover layer disposed over said treatment substance carrying layer, said cover layer having metal particles disposed on or exposed through at least a portion of said cover layer as a plurality of lines or dots in a specific pattern that positions the metal particles in discrete electrically isolated locations separated by a distance, or disposed in or on an adhesive coating on said cover layer in a plurality of lines or dots in a specific pattern that positions the metal particles in discrete electrically isolated locations separated by a distance, wherein said cover layer is configured such that said metal particles are exposed at least in part,
wherein said metal particles on said cover layer or carried by said adhesive coating form a plurality of half-cells of an air-or oxygen-metal battery, for ion exchange with the skin of the human or animal whereupon the treatment substance may be driven into the skin by iontophoresis.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the patterns conform to blood circulation patterns and/or nerve or underlying muscle patterns of the human or animal.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the lines or dots of lines are 0.1 mm to 5 mm wide, preferably about 0.1 to 3 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 2 mm, even more preferably 0.3 to 1 mm, most preferably 0.4 to 0.5 mm.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the patterns cover from about 10% to 90% of the surface of the cover layer, preferably from about 15% to about 75%, more preferable from about 25% to about 50%, most preferably from about 30% to about 40%.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein the metal particles comprise a metal, metal oxide or metal salt.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein the metal particles are selected from the group consisting of elemental zinc particles, zinc oxide particles, and zinc salt particles.
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein the metal particles are metal particles selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, copper and magnesium, and an oxide or salt thereof.
8. The device of claim 1 , further including an adhesive pad or adhesive tabs adapted to fix the substrate layer.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the lines or dots are substantially evenly spaced from one another.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein the lines or dots are evenly spaced at spacings from 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.2 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mm, most preferably 0.5 to 1 mm.
11. A method for increasing absorption of a substance through the skin of a human or animal, comprising:
providing a device as claimed in claim 1 , and disposing the device in contact with the skin, of a human or animal, whereupon the metal particles form a first half cell of a battery circuit, while the body of the human or animal forms a second half cell of the battery circuit with oxygen, whereupon the substance is driven into the skin of the human or animal by iontophoresis.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the patterns conform to blood circulation patterns and/or nerve or underlying muscle patterns of the human or animal.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the lines or dots are evenly spaced at spacings from 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.2 to 2 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mm, most preferably 0.5 to 1 mm.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the lines or dots of lines are 0.1 mm to 5 mm wide, preferably about 0.1 to 3 mm, more preferably 0.2 to 2 mm, even more preferably 0.3 to 1 mm, most preferably 0.4 to 0.5 mm.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the patterns cover from about 10% to 90% of the surface of the cover layer, preferably from about 15% to about 75%, more preferable from about 25% to about 50%, most preferably from about 30% to about 40%.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal particles comprise a metal, metal oxide or metal salt.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal particles are selected from the group consisting of elemental zinc particles, zinc oxide particles, and zinc salt particles.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the metal particles are metal particles selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, copper and magnesium, and an oxide or salt thereof.
19. The method of claim 11 , further including fixing the device to the skin of the animal or human using adhesive.