Three-dimensional electrode structure and secondary battery including the same
A three-dimensional (“3D”) electrode structure includes a current collecting layer, a plurality of plates protruding from the current collecting layer and including an active material, and a base layer provided between the current collecting layer and the plurality of plates. The base layer includes an active material-metal sintered composite. The plurality of plates includes an active material-metal sintered composite. A metal content of the active material-metal sintered composite of the plurality of plates is less than a metal content of the active material-metal sintered composite of the base layer. At least one partition wall supporting the plurality of plates is further provided on the base layer.
1. A three-dimensional electrode structure comprising:
a current collecting layer;
a plurality of plates electrically connected to the current collecting layer, protruding from the current collecting layer, and comprising an active material; and
a base layer provided between the current collecting layer and the plurality of plates, the base layer comprising an active material-metal sintered composite,
wherein a content of metal in the active material-metal sintered composite is about 1 vol % to about 30 vol %.
2. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the active material-metal sintered composite comprises at least one metal of Al, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, W, Mo, Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd.
3. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the active material-metal sintered composite comprises a cathode active material.
4. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the active material-metal sintered composite comprises a plurality of active material grains and a plurality of metal grains, and an average size of the plurality of metal grains is less than an average size of the plurality of active material grains.
5. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of plates comprises an inner current collecting layer inside thereof, and the inner current collecting layer electrically contacts the base layer.
6. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of plates comprises an active material-metal sintered composite.
7. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 6 , wherein a metal content (vol %) of the active material-metal sintered composite of the plurality of plates is less than a metal content (vol %) of the active material-metal sintered composite of the base layer.
8. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 6 , wherein a metal content of the active material-metal sintered composite of the plurality of plates is about 1 vol % to about 20 vol %.
9. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 6 , wherein an electrical conductivity of the active material-metal sintered composite of the base layer is higher than an electrical conductivity of the active material-metal sintered composite of the plurality of plates.
10. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 1 , further comprising:
at least one partition wall arranged on the base layer perpendicular to the plurality of plates and supporting the plurality of plates.
11. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 10 , wherein the at least one partition wall comprises an active material of a same composition as or a different composition from the plurality of plates.
12. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 10 , wherein the at least one partition wall comprises an inner current collecting layer inside thereof, and the inner current collecting layer electrically contacts the base layer.
13. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 10 , wherein the at least one partition wall comprises an active material-metal sintered composite.
14. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 13 , wherein a metal content (vol %) of the active material-metal sintered composite of the at least one partition wall is less than a metal content (vol %) of the active material-metal sintered composite of the base layer.
15. A secondary battery comprising:
a first electrode structure comprising the three-dimensional electrode structure defined in claim 1 ;
a second electrode structure arranged spaced apart from the first electrode structure; and
an electrolyte provided between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure.
16. The second battery of claim 15 , wherein the first electrode structure is a cathode structure and the second electrode structure is an anode structure.
17. The second battery of claim 15 , wherein:
the first electrode structure comprises a plurality of first plates having a first active material and the second electrode structure comprises a plurality of second plates having a second active material, and
the plurality of first plates and the plurality of second plates are alternately arranged.
18. The second battery of claim 15 , wherein the first electrode structure, the electrolyte, and the second electrode structure constitute a battery cell, and a plurality of battery cells corresponding to the battery cell are stacked on each other.
19. A three-dimensional electrode structure comprising:
a current collecting layer; and
a plurality of plates electrically connected to the current collecting layer, arranged perpendicular to the current collecting layer, and comprising an active material and an active material-metal sintered composite,
wherein a content of metal in the active material-metal sintered composite is about 1 vol % to about 20 vol %.
20. The three-dimensional electrode structure of claim 19 , wherein the active material-metal sintered composite comprises at least one metal of Al, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, W, Mo, Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd.
21. A three-dimensional electrode structure comprising:
a current collecting layer;
a plurality of plates electrically connected to the current collecting layer, protruding from the current collecting layer, and comprising an active material; and
a base layer provided between the current collecting layer and the plurality of plates, the base layer comprising an active material-metal sintered composite,
wherein the active material-metal sintered composite comprises a plurality of active material grains and a plurality of metal grains, and an average size of the plurality of metal grains is less than an average size of the plurality of active material grains.
22. A three-dimensional electrode structure comprising:
a current collecting layer;
a plurality of plates electrically connected to the current collecting layer, protruding from the current collecting layer, and comprising an active material; and
a base layer provided between the current collecting layer and the plurality of plates, the base layer comprising an active material-metal sintered composite,
wherein a metal content (vol %) of the active material-metal sintered composite of the plurality of plates is less than a metal content (vol %) of the active material-metal sintered composite of the base layer.