Orthogonal Cas9 proteins for RNA-guided gene regulation and editing
Methods of modulating expression of a target nucleic acid in a cell are provided including use of multiple orthogonal Cas9 proteins to simultaneously and independently regulate corresponding genes or simultaneously and independently edit corresponding genes.
1. A cell in culture comprising
a first foreign nucleic acid encoding two or more guide RNAs complementary to two or more respective target nucleic acids,
a second foreign nucleic acid encoding two or more orthogonal RNA guided nuclease null DNA binding proteins, wherein each of the two or more orthogonal RNA guided nuclease null DNA binding proteins is of a different species and recognizes a corresponding PAM sequence in a target nucleic acid, and
a third foreign nucleic acid encoding two or more transcriptional regulator proteins, wherein the cell is configured to express the two or more guide RNAs, the two or more orthogonal RNA guided nuclease-null DNA binding proteins, and the two or more transcriptional regulator proteins, wherein the cell comprises two or more co-localization complexes with each including a guide RNA, an orthogonal RNA guided nuclease null DNA binding protein, a transcriptional regulator protein and a target nucleic acid.
2. The cell of claim 1 wherein the two or more transcriptional regulator proteins are each fused to an orthogonal RNA guided nuclease null DNA binding protein.
3. The cell of claim 1 wherein the first foreign nucleic acid encoding the two or more guide RNAs further encodes two or more targets of an RNA-binding domain and the third foreign nucleic acid encoding the two or more transcriptional regulator proteins further encodes two or more RNA-binding domains each fused to a transcriptional regulator protein.
4. The cell of claim 1 wherein the cell is a eukaryotic cell.
5. The cell of claim 1 wherein the cell is a yeast cell, a plant cell or an animal cell.
6. The cell of claim 1 wherein each guide RNA includes between about 10 to about 500 nucleotides.
7. The cell of claim 1 wherein each guide RNA includes between about 20 to about 100 nucleotides.
8. The cell of claim 1 wherein a transcriptional regulator protein is a transcriptional activator comprising VP16 or VP64.
9. The cell of claim 1 wherein each of the two or more transcriptional regulator proteins is a transcriptional repressor or activator.
10. The cell of claim 1 wherein each of the two or more guide RNAs is a tracrRNA-crRNA fusion.
11. The cell of claim 1 wherein the target nucleic acid is genomic DNA, mitochondrial DNA, viral DNA, or exogenous DNA.
12. The cell of claim 1 wherein a first target nucleic acid is activated and a second target nucleic acid is repressed.
13. The cell of claim 1 wherein a first plurality of target nucleic acids are activated and a second plurality of target nucleic acids are repressed.
14. The cell of claim 1 wherein a first one or more target nucleic acids are activated and a second one or more target nucleic acids are repressed.
15. The cell of claim 1 wherein each of the two or more RNA guided nuclease null DNA binding proteins is a DNA binding protein of a Type II CRISPR system.
16. The cell of claim 1 wherein each of the two or more RNA guided nuclease null DNA binding proteins is an orthogonal nuclease-null Cas9 protein.
17. The cell of claim 1 wherein each of the two or more orthogonal RNA guided nuclease-null DNA binding proteins binds to a corresponding species specific guide RNA bearing matching crRNA and tracrRNA sequences.