Closed-loop geothermal energy collection system
Techniques are provided for extracting geothermal energy, by providing salt into a well shaft that ends in a chamber in the Earth surrounded by a source of geothermal energy. The salt melts and heats up to the temperature within the chamber. The hot molten salt is then extracted and the heat from the molten salt is used as a source of energy to generate electricity or drive an industrial process. The salt can be re-used once the heat is extracted in a closed-loop system. According to some techniques, the salt is conveyed down the well by a pneumatic conveyer system or in other cases by using a mechanical system, such as a screw drive. Once returned to the surface, the molten salt can be used to heat graphite blocks for energy storage or be stored and transported to remote locations to extract the heat energy.
1. A method for extracting geothermal energy from the Earth, comprising the steps of:
lowering a quantity of molten salt or a combination of suitable salts (“salt”) into a geothermal heat absorption zone, wherein the lowering includes:
moving the quantity of salt using a pneumatic conveyer system having a ram screw and an aspiration line that conveys suction to the heat absorption zone;
heating the quantity of salt in the geothermal heat absorption zone, the quantity of salt heated by absorbing heat from the geothermal heat absorption zone;
raising the quantity of salt to a heat transfer zone; and
transferring the quantity of salt into a thermal reservoir.
2. The method of claim 1 , additionally comprising:
extracting the heat from the salt in the thermal reservoir; and
returning a portion of the cooled salt to the geothermal heat absorption zone.
3. The method of claim 1 , in which the quantity of salt is initially in solid form, and in which heating the quantity of salt comprises melting the salt.
4. The method of claim 3 , in which the solid form of the salt is a powder.
5. The method of claim 1 , in which the step of raising the quantity of salt uses a pipe with multiple diameters.
6. The method of claim 1 , in which the pneumatic conveyer system has a source of suction within a well shaft.
7. The method of claim 1 , in which the pneumatic conveyer system comprises a source of high pressure air.
8. The method of claim 7 , in which the source of high pressure air is an air compressor.
9. The method of claim 1 , in which: the pneumatic conveyer system comprises a source of suction near the surface of the Earth.
10. The method of claim 1 , in which the quantity of salt comprises potassium nitrate.
11. A system for extracting heat from a geothermal well, comprising:
a down pipe to provide a thermal material, comprising molten salt or a combination of salts suitable for a geothermal well, to a heat absorption zone in the geothermal well, wherein the thermal material is provided to the heat absorption zone using a pneumatic conveyer system having a ram screw and an aspiration line that conveys suction to the heat absorption zone;
a heat exchanger positioned within the heat absorption zone, the thermal material gaining heat by absorbing heat from the geothermal well;
an exit pipe to bring the thermal material to a heat transfer zone; and
a means in the heat transfer zone to extract the heat from the thermal material.
12. The system of claim 11 , in which: the down pipe is connected to the heat exchanger, such that the thermal material can move from the down pipe into the heat exchanger; and the heat exchanger is connected to the exit pipe, such that the thermal material can move from the heat exchanger to the exit pipe.
13. The system of claim 12 , in which the thermal material comprises salt.
14. The system of claim 13 , in which the salt comprises potassium nitrate.
15. The system of claim 13 , in which the thermal material in the exit pipe is a molten salt.
16. The system of claim 12 , in which a portion of the heat absorption zone additionally comprises a quantity of thermal transfer fluid to facilitate transfer of heat from the Earth to the heat exchanger.
17. The system of claim 16 , in which the thermal transfer fluid is a molten salt.
18. The system of claim 11 , further comprising an apparatus for storing the extracted heat, said apparatus comprising: a body of graphite, in which one or more channels have been formed.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the quantity of salt is molten salt and wherein transferring the quantity of salt further comprises transferring the molten salt into channels formed in a graphite body; removing the molten salt from the graphite body; and insulating the graphite body after the transfer has been completed.
20. The system of claim 18 , wherein the heated body of graphite is configured to be mounted within a vehicle and to provide motive power to the vehicle.
21. The system of claim 15 , further comprising a container wherein the molten salt is stored and wherein the container is configured to be mounted within a vehicle to provide motive power to the vehicle.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein transferring the quantity of salt into a thermal reservoir further comprises transferring at least a portion of the heated salt into an insulated storage container; transporting the insulated storage container containing the heated salt to a remote location; and extracting the heat from the heated salt at the remote location.
23. The method of claim 22 , in which the heated salt is a molten salt.
24. The method of claim 22 , in which the heated salt comprises potassium nitrate.
25. The system of claim 11 , further comprising:
a molten salt pump to pump liquefied molten salt from an operating facility at surface level to a geothermal heat/energy source and then back to the operating facility after acquiring a significant increase in heat/energy for conversion into electricity, for conversion into compressible fuel gases, for use in industrial processes, or for use in mechanical processes.