Multilayer film and photovoltaic module
Provided is a multilayer film including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of 3.3 eV or more and inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than 3.3 eV in different layers. Here, the layer including inorganic particles having band gap energy of 3.3 eV or more is disposed at an upper portion than the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than 3.3 eV. Accordingly, the layer including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of 3.3 eV or more is included close to incident light to increase a reflectance in UV region and induce internal reflection, thereby enhancing energy conversion efficiency of a cell. At the same time, the multilayer film may include a lower encapsulant layer or backsheet including inorganic particles having a band gap energy of 3.3 eV or more, thereby increasing reflectances in visible and IR regions and thus reducing a loss of the incident light.
1. A photovoltaic module, comprising:
a photovoltaic cell; and
a multilayer film disposed below the photovoltaic cell,
wherein the multilayer film comprises a first layer disposed below the photovoltaic cell and including a first matrix resin and first inorganic particles having a band gap energy of 3.3 eV or more; and a second layer disposed below the first layer and including a second matrix resin and second inorganic particles having a band gap energy of less than 3.3 eV,
wherein the only inorganic particles present in the first layer are the first inorganic particles, and the only inorganic particles present in the second layer are the second inorganic particles,
wherein the first layer is disposed closer to incident light than the second layer,
wherein the first layer is directly stacked on the second layer,
wherein the multilayer film has a reflectance of 20.4% or more with respect to UV rays in a wavelength range of 280 to 400 nm, and a reflectance of more than 80% with respect to visible rays in a wavelength range of 400 to 1200 nm,
wherein the first inorganic particles are barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) and the second inorganic particles are titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ),
wherein the first layer includes the first inorganic particles in an amount of 10 to 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the first matrix resin, and the second layer includes the second inorganic particles in an amount of 10 to 200 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the second matrix resin, and
wherein each of the first matrix resin and the second matrix resin is a mixture consisting of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and chlorotrifluoroethylene, a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, and an acrylic polymer of methyl methacrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylic acid.
2. The module according to claim 1 , wherein a reflectance of the first layer with respect to UV rays is higher than that of the second layer with respect to UV rays.
3. The module according to claim 1 , wherein both the first layer and the second layer constitute a backsheet.
4. The module according to claim 1 , further comprising a substrate disposed below the second layer.
5. The module according to claim 4 , wherein the second layer is also disposed below the substrate, such that the second layer is formed on both sides of the substrate.
6. The module according to claim 4 , wherein the substrate is a monolayer sheet, a stacked sheet, or a co-extrusion product of aluminum, iron, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT).
7. The module according to claim 4 , wherein at least one surface treatment selected from treatments with plasma, corona, a primer, an anchoring agent, and a coupling agent, and thermal treatment is performed on at least one surface of the substrate.
8. The module according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a transparent front substrate; and
an upper encapsulant,
wherein the photovoltaic cell is encapsulated by the upper encapsulant and the multilayer film.