Tunnel heterojunctions in Group IV/Group II-IV multijunction solar cells
A photovoltaic cell comprises a first subcell formed of a Group IV semiconductor material, a second subcell formed of a Group II-VI semiconductor material, and a tunnel heterojunction interposed between the first and second subcells. A first side of the tunnel heterojunction is formed by a first layer that is adjacent to a top surface of the first subcell. The first layer is of a first conductivity type, is comprised of a highly doped Group IV semiconductor material. The other side of the tunnel heterojunction is formed by a second layer that adjoins the lower surface of the second subcell. The second layer is of a second conductivity type opposite the first conductivity type, and is comprised of a highly doped Group II-VI semiconductor material. The tunnel heterojunction permits photoelectric series current to flow through the subcells.
1. A photovoltaic cell, comprising:
a first subcell formed by an epitaxial growth process of a single crystal Group IV semiconductor material and having a first upper surface;
a tunnel heterojunction including
a first layer comprising a single crystal Group IV semiconductor material, the first layer having a first conductivity type and formed by an epitaxial growth process on the first upper surface of the first subcell, the first layer forming one side of the tunnel heterojunction, the first layer having a second upper surface; and
a second layer comprising a single crystal Group II-VI semiconductor material, the second layer having a second conductivity type opposite the first conductivity type, the second layer formed by an epitaxial growth process on the second upper surface of the first layer, the second layer forming the other side of the tunnel heterojunction, and having a third upper surface; and
a second subcell formed by an epitaxial growth process on the third upper surface of the second layer, the second subcell formed of a single crystal Group II-VI semiconductor material.
2. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the first conductivity type is (n).
3. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the first conductivity type is (p).
4. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the first subcell comprises an emitter having the first conductivity type and a base having the second conductivity type and being adjacent to the emitter.
5. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the first subcell comprises a base formed to be of the second conductivity type and adjoining the first layer of the tunnel heterojunction, the first layer of the tunnel heterojunction acting as an emitter of the first subcell.
6. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the second subcell is formed from a single crystal Group II-VI semiconductor material that is selected from the group consisting of CdS, CdTe, CdSe, ZnTe, ZnSe, ZnS, MgTe, CdSeTe, CdZnTe, CdMnTe, CdMgTe, CdHgTe, and composites thereof.
7. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the first subcell is formed from a single crystal Group IV semiconductor material that is selected from the group consisting of silicon, strained silicon-germanium, and silicon-germanium.
8. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the first layer of the tunnel heterojunction comprises a single crystal Group IV semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of silicon, strained silicon-germanium, and silicon-germanium.
9. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the second layer of the tunnel heterojunction comprises a single crystal Group II-VI semiconductor material selected from the group consisting of ZnTe, ZnS, MgTe, CdMgTe and composites thereof.
10. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the second layer is more highly doped than an adjacent portion of the second subcell.
11. The cell of claim 1 , wherein the first layer is more highly doped than an adjacent portion of the first subcell.