Martensitic stainless steel strengthened by copper-nucleated nitride precipitates
A martensitic stainless steel alloy is strengthened by copper-nucleated nitride precipitates. The alloy includes, in combination by weight percent, about 10.0 to about 12.5 Cr, about 2.0 to about 7.5 Ni, up to about 17.0 Co, about 0.6 to about 1.5 Mo, about 0.5 to about 2.3 Cu, up to about 0.6 Mn, up to about 0.4 Si, about 0.05 to about 0.15 V, up to about 0.10 N, up to about 0.035 C, up to about 0.01 W, and the balance Fe and incidental elements and impurities. The nitride precipitates may be enriched by one or more transition metals. A case hardened, corrosion resistant variant has a reduced weight percent of Ni, enabling increased use of Cr, and decreased Co.
1. A method of manufacture of case hardened martensitic stainless steel alloy strengthened by copper-nucleated nitride precipitates, said alloy comprising, in combination elemental constituents by weight percent, about 10.0 to about 14.5 Cr, about 0.3 to about 7.5 Ni, up to about 17.0 Co, about 0.6 to about 1.5 Mo, about 0.25 to about 2.3 Cu, up to about 0.6 Mn, up to about 0.4 Si, about 0.05 to about 0.15 V, up to about 0.10 N, up to about 0.2 C, up to about 0.01 W, and the balance Fe and incidental elements and impurities, said alloy having a microstructure substantially free of cementite carbides and comprising a martensite matrix with nanoscale copper particles and alloy nitride precipitates selected from the group consisting of alloy nitride precipitates enriched with a transition metal nucleated on the copper precipitates, said alloy nitride precipitates having a hexagonal structure, said alloy nitride precipitates including one or more alloying elements selected from the group Fe, Ni, Cr, Co and Mn coherent with the matrix, and said alloy nitride precipitates having two dimensional coherency with the matrix, said alloy substantially free of cementite carbide precipitates in the form of a case hardened article of manufacture, comprising the steps of:
formulating a melt
preparing a melt in accord with the elemental constituents;
casting the melt in a form;
homogenizing said form; and
aging the form.
2. The process of claim 1 absent the inclusion of an elemental constituent of N in the melt, and aging in combination with solution treatment with N.
3. The method of claim 1 in combination with a predicate step of the forging or hot isostatic pressing in combination with aging.
4. The method of claim 2 in combination with a predicate step of forging or hot isostatic pressing in combination with aging.
5. The method of claim 1 in combination with a terminal step of forging.
6. The method of claim 2 in combination with a terminal step of forging.
7. The method of claim 3 in combination with a terminal step of forging.
8. The method of claim 4 in combination with a terminal step of forging.