Toner compositions and surface polymeric additives
The present disclosure provides polymeric composition for use with toner particles. The polymeric composition of the present disclosure includes a silicone-polyether copolymer and a polymeric additive, wherein the silicone-polyether copolymer comprising a polysiloxane unit and a polyether unit, and the polymeric additive comprising a copolymer possessing at least one monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio, a monomer having more than one vinyl group, and at least one amine-functional monomer. The present disclosure also provides method of making thereof.
1. A polymeric composition comprising:
a silicone-polyether copolymer comprising a polysiloxane unit and a polyether unit; and
a polymeric additive comprising a copolymer comprising at least a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8, a second monomer comprising more than one vinyl group, and at least a third monomer comprising an amine.
2. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the silicone-polyether copolymer is disposed on an exterior surface of the polymeric additive.
3. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the silicone-polyether copolymer is present in the polymeric composition in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 3% by weight based on the total weight of the polymeric composition.
4. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the silicone-polyether copolymer is water soluble or water dispersible.
5. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , where the silicone-polyether copolymer having the formula (II)
wherein
R 1 is H, or an alkyl group;
R 2 is alkyl;
each of R 3 , R 5 and R 8 independently is H, alkyl, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —H, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —(CH 2 CH 2 O) e —H, —(CH 2 CH 2 O)—(CH 2 CH 2 O) f —H, —(C n H 2n )—(C m H 2m O) c —(C p H 2p O) d —H; R 4 is —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —H, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —(CH 2 CH 2 O) e —H, —(CH 2 CH 2 O)—(CH 2 CH 2 O) f —H, or —(C n H 2n )—(C m H 2m O) c —(C p H 2p O) d —H; each of R 6 , R 7 , R 9 and R 10 independently may be alkyl, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —H, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —(CH 2 CH 2 O) e —H, —(CH 2 CH 2 O)—(CH 2 CH 2 O) f —H, or —(C n H 2n )—(C m H 2m O) c —(C p H 2p O) d —H;
a is from 0 to 1000;
b is from 0 to 300;
each of c, d, and e is independently from 0 to 300;
f is from 1 to 300; and
each of n, m and p is independently integers of from 2 to 5.
6. The polymeric composition of claim 5 , wherein the silicone-polyether copolymer is selected from the group consisting of:
and mixtures thereof, wherein each a is independently from about 5 to about 300, each b is independently from about 3 to about 100, each c is independently from about 1 to about 300, each d is independently from about 0 to about 300, further wherein the average molecular weights of the silicone-polyether copolymer is from about 300 to about 30,000.
7. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the polysiloxane unit has the formula (I):
wherein each R 1 and R 2 is independently H, unsubstituted alkyl, or substituted alkyl; and
n is from 2 to 1300.
8. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the polyether unit is selected from the group consisting of a poly(ethylene oxide), a poly(propylene oxide), and a copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide).
9. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the first monomer of the polymeric additive comprises an aliphatic cycloacrylate selected from the group consisting of cyclohexylmethacrylate, cyclopropyl acrylate, cyclobutyl acrylate, cyclopentyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, cyclopropyl methacrylate, cyclobutyl methacrylate, cyclopentyl methacrylate, isobomylmethacrylate, benzyl methacrylate, phenyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof.
10. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the first monomer has a C/O ratio of from about 3 to about 8.
11. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the second monomer of the polymeric additive is selected from the group consisting of diethyleneglycol diacrylate, triethyleneglycol diacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol diacrylate, polyethyleneglycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, neopentylglycol diacrylate, tripropyleneglycol diacrylate, polypropyleneglycol diacrylate, 2,2′-bis(4-(acryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate, ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, diethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,3-butyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate, neopentylglycol dimethacrylate, polypropyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 2,2′-bis(4-(methacryloxy/diethoxy)phenyl)propane, 2,2′-bis(4-(methacryloxy/polyethoxy)phenyl)propane, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tetramethylolmethane tetramethacrylate, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthaline, divinyl ether, and combinations thereof.
12. The polymeric composition of claim 1 , wherein the third monomer of the polymeric additive is selected from the group consisting of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dipropylaminoethyl methacrylate, diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate, dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof.
13. A toner comprising:
toner particles comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and
a polymeric composition comprising:
a silicone-polyether copolymer comprising a polysiloxane unit and a polyether unit, and a polymeric additive comprising a copolymer comprising at least a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8, a second monomer comprising more than one vinyl group, and at least a third monomer comprising an amine.
14. The toner of claim 13 , wherein the silicone-polyether copolymer is disposed on an exterior surface of the polymeric additive.
15. The toner of claim 13 , wherein the silicone-polyether copolymer is present in the polymeric composition in an amount of from about 01% to about 3% by weight based on the total weight of the polymeric composition.
16. The toner of claim 13 , where the silicone-polyether copolymer having the formula (II)
wherein
R 1 is H, or an alkyl group;
R 2 is alkyl;
each of R 3 , R 5 and R 8 independently is H, alkyl, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —H, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —(CH 2 CH 2 O) e —H, —(CH 2 CH 2 O)—(CH 2 CH 2 O) f —H, —(C n H 2n )—(C m H 2m O) c —(C p H 2p O) d —H; R 4 is —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —H, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —(CH 2 CH 2 O) e —H, —(CH 2 CH 2 O)—(CH 2 CH 2 O) f —H, or —(C n H 2n )—(C m H 2m O) c —(C p H 2p O) d —H; each of R 6 , R 7 , R 9 and R 10 independently may be alkyl, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —H, —(CH 2 ) 3 —O—(CH 2 CH 2 O) c —(CH 2 (CH 3 )CHO) d —(CH 2 CH 2 O) e —H, —(CH 2 CH 2 O)—(CH 2 CH 2 O) f —H, or —(C n H 2n )—(C m H 2m O) c —(C p H 2p O) d —H;
a is from 0 to 1000;
b is from 0 to 300;
each of c, d, and e is independently from 0 to 300;
f is from 1 to 300; and
each of n, m and p is independently integers of from 2 to 5.
17. The toner of claim 16 , wherein the silicone-polyether copolymer is selected from the group consisting of:
and mixtures thereof, wherein each a is independently from about 5 to about 300, each b is independently from about 3 to about 100, each c is independently from about 1 to about 300, each d is independently from about 0 to about 300, further wherein the average molecular weights of the silicone-polyether copolymer is from about 300 to about 30,000.
18. The toner of claim 13 , wherein the polysiloxane unit having the formula (I):
wherein
each R 1 is independently H, or an alkyl group;
each R 2 is independently an alkyl group; and
n is from 2 to 1300;
further wherein the polyether unit is selected from the group consisting of a poly(ethylene oxide), a poly(propylene oxide), and a copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide), poly(propylene oxide), and mixtures thereof.
19. The toner of claim 13 , wherein the first monomer of the polymeric additive is present in an amount of from about 40% by weight of the copolymer to about 99.4% by weight of the copolymer, the second monomer of the polymeric additive is present in an amount of from about 0.1% by weight of the copolymer to about 40% by weight of the copolymer, and wherein the third monomer of the polymeric additive is present in an amount of from about 0.1% by weight of the copolymer to about 40% by weight of the copolymer.
20. The toner of claim 13 , wherein polymeric composition is present in an amount of from about 0.1% by weight of the toner particles to about 5% by weight of the toner particles.