Inhibition of amine oxidation
In an embodiment, an amine-oxidation inhibitor, such as a free radical scavenger and/or antioxidant, is added to an oxidation-sensitive amine, such as an amine catalyst, to inhibit oxidation of the amine. The inhibitor-treated amine may then be used in an application such as a polyurethane application to reduce the emission of undesired oxidation products from the polyurethane.
1. A method of forming an inhibitor-treated amine comprising combining:
(i) an oxidation-sensitive amine selected from one or more of a tertiary amine catalyst, a polyetheramine, an ethyleneamine, a surfactant amine, and an amine selected from 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, diethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, and triethanolamine, with
(ii) an amine-oxidation inhibitor, wherein the amine-oxidation inhibitor is a free-radical scavenger selected from one or more of allupurinol, propyl thiouracil, glutamine, diaminobenzylamine, and nicotinamide,
wherein the amount of amine-oxidation inhibitor added to the oxidation-sensitive amine is in an amount ranging from 5 ppm to 5000 ppm.
2. The method of claim 1 , further including storing the inhibitor-treated amine in a container padded with an inert gas.
3. The method of claim 1 , further including incubating the inhibitor-treated amine at a temperature of from 0° C. to 150° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , further including adding the inhibitor-treated amine to another oxidation-sensitive material selected from one or more of an isocyanate, a polyol, a prepolymer, a quasiprepolymer, and a blowing agent.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation-sensitive amine is a tertiary amine catalyst selected from one or more of bis-(2-dimethyaminoethyl) ether, N, N, N′-trimethyl-N′-hydroxyethylbisaminoethylether, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N, N-diisopropanolamine, N,N-dimethylethanolamine, triethylene diamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, benzyldimethylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N, N, N′,N,″, N″-pentamethyldipropylenetriamine, N, N-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-isopropanolamine, N′-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl-N, N-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)ethanol, N,N,N′-trimethylaminoethyl-ethanolamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-methylmorpholine, 4-methoxyethylmorpholine, N, N′dimethylpiperzine, 2,2′dimorpholinodiethylether, 1,3,5-tris(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-hexahydro-s-triazine, and 3-(2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy)propylamine.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation-sensitive amine is a polyetheramine selected from one or more of a monoamine, a diamine, a polyether diamine, an unhindered diamine, and a triamine.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation-sensitive amine is an ethyleneamine selected from one or more of ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, aminoethylpiperzine, aminoethyl-ethanolamine, pentaethylenehexamine, hexaethyleneheptamine, and mixtures thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidation-sensitive amine is a surfactant amine selected from one or more of a polyether monoamine, a hydrophobic monoamine, and a hydrophilic polyether monoamine.
9. A method of forming an inhibitor-treated amine comprising combining:
(i) an oxidation-sensitive amine selected from one or more of an amine catalyst, a polyetheramine, an ethyleneamine, an alkoxylated amine, diethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, and a surfactant amine; with
(ii) an amine-oxidation inhibitor, wherein the amine-oxidation inhibitor is a free-radical scavenger selected from one or more of allupurinol, propyl thiouracil, glutamine, diaminobenzylamine, nicotinamide, methimazole, phenyl methimazole, and derivatives of methimazole or phenyl methimazole,
wherein the inhibitor-treated amine and the amine-oxidation inhibitor are combined to form a blend such that the total amount of amine-oxidation inhibitor in the blend is from greater than 0.5% to 10% by weight of the total blend.