Detecting fluorescent material in a stained particle by comparison with an unstained particle over a plurality of frequency bands and by estimating a linear combination of base vectors

1. An information processing apparatus, comprising:

a processor; and

at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:

compare, by performing statistical testing, a spectrum of a particle stained with a single fluorescent material to a spectrum of an unstained particle, wherein the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material and the spectrum of the unstained particle are obtained by measuring fluorescence intensities over a first plurality of frequency bands;

identify, from the statistical testing, a frequency band of the first plurality of frequency bands where a difference between the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material and the spectrum of the unstained particle is below a threshold;

generate, from the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material, a base vector for the fluorescent material by setting a value of fluorescence intensity for the identified frequency band to 0 or a prescribed value, wherein the base vector includes fluorescence intensity values representative of a spectrum of the fluorescent material over a portion of the first plurality of frequency bands; and

detect a presence of the fluorescent material in a particle stained with a plurality of different staining materials by estimating a linear combination of base vectors, including the generated base vector, for a spectrum of the particle stained with the plurality of different staining materials obtained by measuring fluorescence intensities over a second plurality of frequency bands that include the portion of the first plurality of frequency bands, wherein a combination coefficient of the linear combination is for the generated base vector.

2. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 ,

wherein estimating the linear combination includes modeling the base vectors in a manner that the base vectors occur in accordance with a prescribed distribution.

3. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 ,

wherein performing statistical testing includes determining, by a t-test, whether or not a null hypothesis that there is no difference between the spectrum of the particle stained with a single fluorescent material and the spectrum of the unstained particle is rejected under a prescribed significance level p.

4. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to:

cluster, in a case where the unstained particle and the particle stained with the single fluorescent material are included in a sample subjected to fluorescence measurement, an unstaining cluster including the unstained particle and a simple staining cluster including the particle stained with the single fluorescent material, and

wherein performing the statistical testing includes using observation data corresponding to the unstaining cluster as the spectrum of the unstained particle and observation data corresponding to the simple staining cluster as the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material.

5. The information processing apparatus according to claim 2 ,

wherein estimating the linear combination includes modeling an intensity component of light other than fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent material in a manner that the intensity component occurs in accordance with another prescribed distribution different from the prescribed distribution.

6. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 ,

wherein the fluorescent material is a fluorescent dye.

7. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 ,

wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to generate a second base vector that includes fluorescence intensity values representative of a spectrum of a different fluorescent material over a plurality of frequency bands that overlaps with the portion of the first plurality of frequency bands, and

wherein the base vectors used to estimate the linear combination further includes the second base vector.

8. The information processing apparatus according to claim 7 ,

wherein the processor-executable instructions further cause the processor to detect a presence of the different fluorescent material in the particle stained with the plurality of different staining materials based on a combination coefficient for the second base vector.

9. The information processing apparatus according to claim 1 ,

wherein the second plurality of frequency bands further includes a plurality of frequency bands that overlaps with a spectrum of a second fluorescent material of the plurality of different staining materials other than the fluorescent material.

10. An information processing method, comprising:

comparing, by performing statistical testing using a processor, a spectrum of a particle stained with a single fluorescent material to a spectrum of an unstained particle, wherein the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material and the spectrum of the unstained particle are obtained by measuring fluorescence intensities over a first plurality of frequency bands;

identifying, from the statistical testing, a frequency band of the first plurality of frequency bands where a difference between the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material and the spectrum of the unstained particle is below a threshold;

generating, from the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material, a base vector for the fluorescent material by setting a value of fluorescence intensity for the identified frequency band to 0 or a prescribed value, wherein the base vector includes fluorescence intensity values representative of a spectrum of the fluorescent material over a portion of the first plurality of frequency bands; and

detecting a presence of the fluorescent material in a particle stained with a plurality of different staining materials by estimating a linear combination of base vectors, including the generated base vector, for a spectrum of the particle stained with the plurality of different staining materials obtained by measuring fluorescence intensities over a second plurality of frequency bands that include the portion of the first plurality of frequency bands, wherein a combination coefficient of the linear combination is for the generated base vector.

11. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions which when executed by a processor implement a method when executed, the method comprising:

comparing, by performing statistical testing, a spectrum of a particle stained with a single fluorescent material to a spectrum of an unstained particle, wherein the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material and the spectrum of the unstained particle are obtained by measuring fluorescence intensities over a first plurality of frequency bands;

identifying, from the statistical testing, a frequency band of the first plurality of frequency bands where a difference between the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material and the spectrum of the unstained particle is below a threshold;

generating, from the spectrum of the particle stained with the single fluorescent material, a base vector for the fluorescent material by setting a value of fluorescence intensity for the identified frequency band to 0 or a prescribed value, wherein the base vector includes fluorescence intensity values representative of a spectrum of the fluorescent material over a portion of the first plurality of frequency bands; and

detecting a presence of the fluorescent material in a particle stained with a plurality of different staining materials by estimating a linear combination of base vectors, including the generated base vector, for a spectrum of the particle stained with the plurality of different staining materials obtained by measuring fluorescence intensities over a second plurality of frequency bands that include the portion of the first plurality of frequency bands, wherein a combination coefficient of the linear combination is for the generated base vector.