Method and apparatus for selecting diversion material for a wellbore operation
Diversion material is particulate material used during wellbore treatment to temporarily seal a wellbore fluid passage such as a fracture. A method and apparatus for diversion material testing permits simulation of wellbore fracture parameters and testing thereof against a selected diversion material. The apparatus comprises: a fluid piping system including a fluid inlet end and a fluid outlet end; a fracture simulator chamber including a fracture-simulating outlet slot through a wall of the chamber, the fracture simulator chamber being releasably connectable to the fluid outlet end; a pump to pump fluid through the fluid piping system from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet end and into the fracture simulator chamber; a diversion material launch system connected in communication with the fluid piping system between the fluid inlet end and the fluid outlet line; and a pressure transducer in the fluid piping system to measure pressure in the fluid piping system.
1. An apparatus for testing wellbore materials comprising:
a fluid piping system including a fluid inlet end and a fluid outlet end;
a fracture simulator chamber including a fracture-simulating outlet slot through a wall of the chamber, the fracture simulator chamber being releasably connectable to the fluid outlet end;
a pump to pump fluid through the fluid piping system from the fluid inlet line to the fluid outlet end and into the fracture simulator chamber;
a diversion material launch system connected in communication with the fluid piping system between the fluid inlet end and the fluid outlet line; and
a pressure transducer in the fluid piping system to measure pressure in the fluid piping system.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the apparatus is configured to pass fluid from the fluid inlet end to the fluid outlet end, to load an amount of a diversion material from the diversion material launch system into the fluid and to move the diversion material into the fracture simulator chamber while monitoring the pressure for a pressure increase indicative of the diversion material blocking the fracture-simulating slot.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fluid piping system further comprises a direct line and a bypass line through the diversion material launch system.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fluid piping system includes an inlet to a chamber of the diversion material launch system and an outlet to the diversion material launch system such that fluid from the fluid piping system passes through the chamber.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fracture simulator chamber is configured to direct fluid along a long axis and to redirect fluid substantially perpendicularly from the long axis to pass through the fracture-simulating outlet slot.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fracture simulator chamber is an elongate tubular member with a side wall defining an inner diameter and the long axis extending between an open end and a closed end and the fracture-simulating outlet slot is positioned in a side wall.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fracture-simulating outlet slot is rectangular including a width and a length and the length extends substantially axially along the side wall with the length substantially parallel to the long axis.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the fracture-simulating outlet slot is rectangular including a width and a length and the length extends at least partially about a circumference of the side wall.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a second fracture-simulating outlet slot positioned on the side wall in a position substantially diametrically opposed to the fracture-simulating outlet port.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a second fracture simulator chamber including a second fracture-simulating outlet slot differing in at least one characteristic from the fracture-simulating outlet slot and the second fracture simulator chamber being releasably connectable to the fluid outlet end as a replacement for the fracture simulator chamber.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one characteristic is slot width.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the at least one characteristic is slot surface roughness.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising fracture-simulating plate extensions connected on an outer side of the fracture-simulating outlet slot, the fracture-simulating plate extensions configured to define a slot depth.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pump is configured to pump the fluid at a rate to impart turbulence in the fluid at at least the fluid outlet end.
15. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a controller to monitor conditions within for the fluid piping system.
16. A method for testing the efficiency of a diversion material with respect to a wellbore fracture profile comprising:
injecting a diversion material with a known particle size through a test apparatus including through a fracture simulator; and
monitoring pressure conditions in the test apparatus to identify an increase in pressure indicative of a fluid blockage formed in the fracture simulator by the diversion material.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the fracture simulator includes a fracture-simulating outlet slot and the method further comprises selecting a fracture-simulating outlet slot configuration based on the wellbore fracture profile.
18. The method of claim 16 further comprising validating the diversion material as a possible product for fracture diversion.
19. The method of claim 16 further comprising validating a proposed fracture diversion operation based on the fluid blockage.
20. The method of claim 16 further comprising monitoring a fluid flow rate in the test apparatus.
21. The method of claim 16 wherein injecting comprises pumping a fluid through the test apparatus and loading a diversion material to the fluid.
22. The method of claim 16 wherein pumping generates turbulent flow of the fluid scaled to a hydraulic fracturing operation.
23. The method of claim 16 further comprising pumping fluid through the test apparatus to obtain a baseline pressure condition in the test apparatus prior to injecting.
24. The method of claim 16 further comprising injecting a second amount of diversion material; and continuing to monitor pressure within the test apparatus to obtain performance results.
25. The method of claim 16 wherein the pressure conditions achieved during use of the diversion material is compared with the performance results.
26. The method of claim 16 wherein the second amount of diversion material is injected onto the diversion material already in the fracture simulator.
27. The method of claim 16 further comprising replacing the fracture simulator with a second fracture simulator having a fracture parameter differing from the fracture simulator.
28. The method of claim 16 further comprising selecting a fracture simulator based on the fracture profile.
29. The method of claim 16 wherein the fracture profile includes at least one parameter selected from the group consisting of fracture width, fracture depth dimension, fracture length, fracture orientation and fracture surface roughness.