Process for the preparation of lacosamide
The present invention relates to an improved process for the synthesis of (R)-Lacosamide in which free base of O-methyl-N-benzyl-D-Serinamide is not isolated before acylation. The process avoids the use of column chromatography and chiral resolution for the preparation of different stages of Lacosamide.
1. A process for the preparation of Lacosamide comprising:
i) N-Boc protection of D-serine at 50° C. for the duration of 1-2 hours using Boc-anhydride in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a base and water as a solvent to obtain N-Boc-D-serine,
ii) coupling of the carboxylic acid moiety of the N-Boc-D-serine produced in step i), with benzyl amine in the presence of ethyl chloroformate and N-methyl morpholine at 10 to 15° C. to obtain tert-butyl [(2R)-1-(benzyl amino)-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamate,
iii) O-methylation of the tert-butyl [(2R)-1-(benzyl amino)-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamate produced in step ii), with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a base and dichloromethane as a solvent and in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst (PTC), to generate tert-butyl [(2R)-1-(benzylamino)-3-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamate,
iv) hydrolysis of the N-Boc group of the tert-butyl [(2R)-1-(benzylamino)-3-methoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]carbamate produced in step iii) with an alcoholic HCl at 50° C. to produce a hydrochloride salt of (R)-2-amino-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropanamide and subsequent N-acetylation of the hydrochloride salt of (R)-2-amino-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropanamide in the presence of sodium acetate without isolating free base (R)-2-amino-N-benzyl-3-methoxypropanamide, to produce Lacosamide.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the O-methylation in step iii) is carried out at 10-15° C.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the alcoholic HCl in step iv) is selected from the group consisting of methanolic HCl, ethanolic HCl, propanolic HCl, and isopropanolic HCl.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the N-acetylation of the hydrochloride salt in step iv) is done using sodium acetate and acetic anhydride at ambient temperature.
5. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising purification of Lacosamide produced in step iv) using an ethyl acetate:n-heptane solvent mixture at 50-55° C.
6. The process according claim 5 , wherein the volume ratio of ethyl acetate:n-heptane ranges from 2:1 to 1:2.