Device and a method for controlling an electromechanical power transmission chain
An electromechanical power transmission chain comprises an electric machine ( 110 ) mechanically connectable to a combustion engine ( 111 ) and to one or more actuators ( 114 ) to be driven, an energy-storage ( 118 ) for storing electric energy, converter equipment ( 115 ) for driving the electric machine in a torque controlled mode when transferring electric energy between the electric machine and the energy-storage, and a device ( 101 ) for producing a torque reference for the electric machine. The device produces a control value based on electric energy stored by the energy-storage so that the control value is a decreasing function of the stored electric energy, and produces the torque reference based on a difference between the control value and a control signal indicative of torque produced by the combustion engine.
1. A device for controlling an electromechanical power transmission chain that is a parallel power transmission chain where an electric machine is mechanically connected to a combustion engine and to one or more actuators to be driven, the device comprising:
a first input interface for receiving a first control signal indicative of torque produced by the combustion engine,
a second input interface for receiving a second control signal indicative of electric energy stored by an energy-storage of the electromechanical power transmission chain, and
a regulator element for producing a control value based on the second control signal so that the control value is a decreasing function of the stored electric energy, and for producing a torque reference for the electric machine based on a difference between the first control signal and the control value to control the electric machine to act as: i) an electric motor and reduce a load of the combustion engine a) when there is a sufficient amount of electric energy available in the energy-storage and b) when a power of the combustion engine is above a power level providing an optimal efficiency at a prevailing rotational speed, and ii) a generator and increase the load of the combustion engine c) when the energy-storage is capable of receiving electric energy and d) when the power of the combustion engine is below the power level providing the optimal efficiency at the prevailing rotational speed.
2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the device comprises a third input interface for receiving a third control signal, and the regulator element is configured to determine a form of the decreasing function in accordance with the third control signal and to change the form of the decreasing function in response to a change of the third control signal.
3. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the regulator element comprises a proportional regulator configured to produce the torque reference based on the difference between the first control signal and the control value.
4. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the regulator element comprises a proportional and integrative regulator configured to produce the torque reference based on the difference between the first control signal and the control value and a time integral of the difference between the first control signal and the control value.
5. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the regulator element comprises a proportional, integrative, and derivative regulator configured to produce the torque reference based on the difference between the first control signal and the control value, a time integral of the difference between the first control signal and the control value, and a time derivative of the difference between the first control signal and the control value.
6. An electromechanical power transmission chain comprising:
an electric machine mechanically connectable to a combustion engine and to one or more actuators to be driven with the electromechanical power transmission chain,
an energy-storage for storing electric energy,
converter equipment for transferring electric energy between the electric machine and the energy-storage, the converter equipment being configured to drive the electric machine as a motor or as a generator in a torque controlled mode when transferring the electric energy between the electric machine and the energy-storage and between the energy-storage device and the electric machine, and
a device for producing a torque reference of the electric machine,
wherein the device comprises:
a first input interface for receiving a first control signal indicative of torque produced by the combustion engine,
a second input interface for receiving a second control signal indicative of the electric energy stored by the energy-storage, and
a regulator element for producing a control value based on the second control signal so that the control value is a decreasing function of the stored electric energy, and for producing the torque reference for the electric machine based on a difference between the first control signal and the control value.
7. An electromechanical power transmission chain according to claim 6 , wherein the converter equipment comprises:
a capacitive circuit,
a converter stage for transferring electric energy from the electric machine to the capacitive circuit when the electric machine acts as a generator and for transferring electric energy from the capacitive circuit to the electric machine when the electric machine acts an electric motor, and
a direct voltage converter for transferring electric energy between the capacitive circuit and the energy-storage so as to keep direct voltage of the capacitive circuit in a pre-determined voltage range.
8. An electromechanical power transmission chain according to claim 6 , wherein the energy-storage comprises at least one electric double-layer capacitor.
9. A method for controlling an electromechanical power transmission chain that is a parallel power transmission chain where an electric machine is mechanically connected to a combustion engine and to one or more actuators to be driven, the method comprising:
producing a control value based on electric energy stored by an energy-storage of the electromechanical power transmission chain so that the control value is a decreasing function of the stored electric energy,
producing a torque reference of the electric machine based on a difference between a control signal and the control value, the control signal being indicative of torque produced by the combustion engine, and
transferring electric energy between the electric machine and the energy-storage, and driving the electric machine as a motor or as a generator in a torque controlled mode when transferring the electric energy between the electric machine and the energy-storage and between the energy-storage and the electric machine.
10. A non-transitory computer readable medium encoded with a computer program, the computer program comprising computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processor to:
produce a control value that controls an electromechanical power transmission chain that is a parallel power transmission chain where an electric machine is mechanically connected to a combustion engine and to one or more actuators to be driven, the control value based on electric energy stored by an energy-storage of the electromechanical power transmission chain so that the control value is a decreasing function of the stored electric energy, and
produce a torque reference used for controlling for the electric machine as a motor or as a generator, the torque reference based on a difference between a control signal and the control value, the control signal being indicative of torque produced by the combustion engine.