Scalable manufacturing of superhydrophobic structures in plastics
Disclosed are methods of manufacturing a SH surface including: creating a master with SH features by: depositing a rigid material onto a first surface, wherein the first surface is a shrinkable platform; shrinking the first surface by heating to create a SH surface, wherein the SH surface has micro- and nano-scale structural features that trap air pockets and prevent water from wetting the surface; forming the master by molding an epoxy with the shrunken first surface having a SH surface, wherein the master acquires the SH features of the first surface; and imprinting the SH features of the master onto a second surface to impart the SH features of the master onto the second surface. Some embodiments relate to a superhydrophobic (SH) surface, an article including a SH surface as disclosed, such as a microfluidic device or a food container.
1. A method of manufacturing a superhydrophobic (SH) surface comprising:
creating a master with SH features by:
depositing a rigid material onto a first surface, wherein said rigid material comprises a first layer comprising a first metal and a second layer comprising a second metal, wherein one of the first and second layers is solid calcium, wherein the first surface is a shrinkable platform;
shrinking the first surface by heating to create a SH surface, wherein the SH features comprise micro- and nano-scale structures that trap air pockets and prevent water from wetting the surface;
forming the master by contacting a master material with the shrunken first surface having a SH surface and hardening the master material while in contact with the shrunken first surface, wherein master material solidifies and acquires the SH features of the first surface; and
imprinting the SH features of the master onto a second surface to impart the SH features of the master onto the second surface.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein one of the first and second layers is gold or silver.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said rigid material comprises a bimetallic layer comprising a layer of silver deposited on the first surface and a layer of solid calcium deposited on the layer of silver.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said rigid material is vapor-deposited onto the first surface.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the master material is selected from the group consisting of nickel, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), ormocer and spurr.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the master is formed by electroplating nickel onto the SH surface.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said imprinting is done by hot embossing of the second surface with the master.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first surface is a polyolefin (PO).
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second surface is a hard plastic.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein a master is repetitively imprinted onto the second surface at adjacent positions to seamlessly transfer the SH features of the master to the second surface.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SH features of a master are imprinted onto the second surface by roll-to-roll processing.