Carbonaceous material, anode active material including the same, lithium battery including the anode active material, and method of preparing the carbonaceous material

1. A carbonaceous material comprising:

a core comprising graphite; and

a shell on the core and comprising an amorphous carbonaceous material,

wherein the carbonaceous material is a single body, and

wherein the amount of potassium cations (K + ) at the surface of the carbonaceous material is from about 0.001 wt % to about 0.003 wt % based on a total weight of the carbonaceous material.

2. The carbonaceous material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material is an etched porous carbonaceous material.

3. The carbonaceous material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises a plurality of micropores.

4. The carbonaceous material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises one or more nanoholes in a surface thereof.

5. The carbonaceous material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material comprises a potassium hydroxide nanocrystal at a surface thereof.

6. The carbonaceous material of claim 5 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a surface pKa value of about 11 or greater.

7. The carbonaceous material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area of about 6.0 to about 10.0 m 2 /g.

8. The carbonaceous material of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of intensities of a D peak at about 1360 cm −1 to a G peak at about 1580 cm −1 (D/G) in a Raman spectrum of the carbonaceous material is about 0.04 to about 0.14.

9. The carbonaceous material of claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material has an interplanar spacing (d 002 ) of the (002) plane of about 3.350 Å to about 3.355 Å, as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis.

10. An anode active material comprising the carbonaceous material according to claim 1 .

11. A lithium battery comprising:

an anode comprising the anode active material of claim 10 ;

a cathode; and

an electrolyte located between the anode and the cathode.

12. A method of preparing a carbonaceous material, the method comprising:

adding graphite to an alkaline aqueous solution and stirring a resulting solution to obtain a mixture; and

washing the mixture with a solvent and drying a resulting mixture to obtain the carbonaceous material of claim 1 .

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the carbonaceous material is an etched porous carbonaceous material.

14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the alkaline aqueous solution comprises a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein an amount of potassium hydroxide in the potassium hydroxide aqueous solution is about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % based on 100 g of water.

16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the drying is performed at a temperature of about 60° C. to about 90° C.