Deposition prevention by sweep gas
Energy storage systems are disclosed. The systems may store energy as heat in a high temperature liquid, and the heat may be converted to electricity by absorbing radiation emitted from the high temperature liquid via one or more photovoltaic devices when the high temperature liquid is transported through an array of conduits. Some aspects described herein relate to reducing deposition of sublimated material from the conduits onto the photovoltaic devices.
1. An energy storage system comprising:
a conduit constructed and arranged to transport a liquid;
a photovoltaic device;
a gap between the conduit and the photovoltaic device;
a gas inlet constructed and arranged to direct a sweep gas into the gap; and
a gas outlet constructed and arranged to direct the sweep gas out of the gap, wherein a flow of the sweep gas from the inlet to the outlet passes through the gap between the conduit and the photovoltaic device.
2. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein a temperature of the liquid is between about 1400° C. and about 2600° C.
3. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein a component of a velocity of the sweep gas along a first direction between the gas inlet and the gas outlet is greater than a drift velocity of gas within the gap.
4. The energy storage system of claim 3 , wherein the gas inlet and gas outlet are separated by a first distance, the conduit and photovoltaic device are separated by a second distance, and wherein the first distance divided by the component of the velocity of the sweep gas along the first direction is less than the second distance divided by the drift velocity of gas within the cavity.
5. The energy storage system of claim 3 , wherein the photovoltaic device extends along the first direction.
6. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the sweep gas comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of argon, krypton, and xenon.
7. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the photovoltaic device comprises a multi-junction photovoltaic cell.
8. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the conduit is formed from graphite.
9. The energy storage system of claim 1 , wherein the liquid comprises silicon or ferrosilicon.
10. The energy storage system of claim 1 , further comprising a reflective surface, wherein the photovoltaic device is positioned between the reflective surface and the gap.
11. The energy storage system of claim 10 , wherein the reflective surface is constructed and arranged to reflect at least a portion of radiation not absorbed by the photovoltaic device towards the gap.
12. The energy storage system of claim 1 , further comprising a filter coupled to the gas inlet and the gas outlet.
13. The energy storage system of claim 12 , wherein the sweep gas is directed out of the gas outlet, through the filter, and back into the gas inlet.
14. A method comprising:
transporting a liquid through a conduit positioned on a first side of a gap opposite a photovoltaic device; and
flowing a sweep gas through the gap between the conduit and the photovoltaic device.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
heating the conduit, at least in part, due to the transport of the liquid through the conduit;
emitting radiation from the conduit into the gap, at least in part, due to the heating of the conduit; and
absorbing at least a portion of the emitted radiation with the photovoltaic device.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising reflecting at least a portion of the radiation not absorbed by the photovoltaic device back towards the gap.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein flowing the sweep gas through the gap comprises directing the sweep gas into the gap through a gas inlet and directing the sweep gas out of the gap through a gas outlet.
18. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
flowing the sweep gas through a filter after the sweep gas flows out of the gap through the gas outlet; and
flowing the sweep gas from the filter to the gas inlet.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the sweep gas comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of argon, krypton, and xenon.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the liquid transported through the conduit has a temperature between about 1800° C. and about 2600° C.
21. The method of claim 14 , wherein a velocity of the sweep gas within the gap is greater than a drift velocity of gas within the gap.
22. An energy storage system comprising:
an array of conduits constructed and arranged to transport a liquid from a first end of the array to a second end of the array;
a plurality of photovoltaic devices; and
a plurality of gaps formed in the array of conduits, each gap comprising:
an opening at at least one end of the array of conduits, wherein each gap is constructed and arranged to receive at least one of the plurality of photovoltaic devices, wherein the plurality of photovoltaic devices are selectively moveable into and out of the plurality of gaps.
23. The energy storage system of claim 22 , further comprising one or more gas inlets constructed and arranged to direct a sweep gas into at least one gap of the plurality gaps.
24. The energy storage system of claim 23 , further comprising one or more gas outlets constructed and arranged to direct the sweep gas out of the at least one gap.
25. The energy storage system of claim 24 , wherein a flow of the sweep gas from the one or more gas inlets to the one or more gas outlets is at least partially directed along a length of the at least one gap.
26. The energy storage system of claim 22 , wherein the liquid cools from a first temperature at the first end of the array to a second temperature at the second end of the array.
27. The energy storage system of claim 26 , wherein the first temperature is between about 1400° C. and about 2600° C.
28. The energy storage system of claim 27 , wherein radiation is emitted into the plurality of gaps, at least in part, due to the cooling of the liquid.
29. The energy storage system of claim 26 , further comprising:
a first liquid storage tank fluidly coupled to the first end of the array of conduits and constructed and arranged to store the liquid at the first temperature;
a second liquid storage tank fluidly coupled to the second end of the array of conduits and the first tank, the second liquid storage tank constructed and arranged to store the liquid at the second temperature; and
a heater positioned between the first tank and the second tank, the heater constructed and arranged to heat the liquid from the second temperature to the first temperature.
30. The energy storage system of claim 29 , further comprising a pump configured to:
move the liquid from the first liquid storage tank into the first end of the array of conduits;
move the liquid from the second end of the array of conduits into the second liquid storage tank; and
move the liquid from the second liquid storage tank, through the heater, and into the first liquid storage tank.