Fictivated glass and method of making
Silicate glasses that are fictivated and fast cooled and have high levels of intrinsic or “native” damage resistance. When ion exchanged, the silicate glasses described herein have a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 15 kgf and, in some embodiments, at least about 25 kgf.
1. A silicate glass, the silicate glass having a zircon breakdown temperature that is equal to a temperature at which the silicate glass has a viscosity in a range from about 30 kPoise to about 40 kPoise, a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 15 kgf, and a strain point, the silicate glass comprising:
at least about 50 mol % SiO 2 ;
at least about 10 mol % R 2 O, wherein R 2 O comprises Na 2 O;
Al 2 O 3 , wherein −0.5 mol %≤Al 2 O 3 (mol %)−R 2 O(mol %)≤2 mol %; and
B 2 O 3 , wherein B 2 O 3 (mol %)−(R 2 O(mol %)−Al 2 O 3 (mol %))≥4.5 mol %, wherein the silicate glass has a fictive temperature that is greater than or equal to a temperature at which a super-cooled liquid having a composition of the silicate glass has a viscosity of 10 12 Poise.
2. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass has a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least about 25 kgf.
3. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass has a layer under a compressive stress of at least about 800 MPa, the layer extending from a surface of the silicate glass into the silicate glass to a depth of layer of at least about 45 gm.
4. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises from about 60 mol % to about 66 mol % SiO 2 .
5. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises at least about 0.1 mol % of at least one of MgO and ZnO.
6. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises greater than 4.5 mol % B 2 O 3 in which boron cations are three-fold coordinated.
7. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass comprises: at least about 50 mol % SiO 2 , from about 12 mol % to about 22 mol % Al 2 O 3 ; from about 4.5 mol % to about 10 mol % B 2 O 3 ; from about 10 mol % to about 20 mol % Na 2 O; from 0 mol % to about 5 mol % K 2 O; 0 mol %≤MgO≤6 mol %; 0 mol %≤ZnO≤6 mol %; and, optionally, at least one of CaO, BaO, and SrO, wherein 0 mol %≤CaO+SrO+BaO≤2 mol %.
8. The silicate glass of claim 1 , further comprising at least one transition metal colorant, the transition metal oxide colorant comprising at least one of V 2 O 5 , NiO, CuO, Cr 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , Nb 2 O 5 , and TiO 2 .
9. The silicate glass of claim 8 , wherein 0 mol %≤V 2 O 5 ≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤NiO≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤CuO≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤Cr 2 O 3 ≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤MnO 2 ≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤Fe 2 O 3 ≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤Co 3 O 4 ≤6 mol % 0 mol %≤Nb 2 O 5 ≤6 mol %, and 0 mol %≤TiO 2 ≤6 mol %.
10. The silicate glass of claim 1 , further including P 2 O 5 wherein 4.5 mol %≤B 2 O 3 (mol %)+P 2 O 5 (mol %)≤10 mol %.
11. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass is fast cooled from a first temperature at which the glass has a viscosity in a range from about 10 9 poise to about 10 13 poise to a second temperature that is below the strain point.
12. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass forms at least a portion of a cover plate, a touch screen, a watch crystal, a solar concentrator, a window, a screen, or a container.
13. The silicate glass of claim 1 , wherein the silicate glass has a fictive temperature that is greater than a temperature at which a super-cooled liquid having a composition of the silicate glass has a viscosity of 10 11 Poise.
14. A silicate glass, the silicate glass having a zircon breakdown temperature that is equal to a temperature at which the silicate glass has a viscosity in a range from about 30 kPoise to about 40 kPoise, a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 15 kgf, and a strain point, the silicate glass comprising:
at least about 50 mol % SiO 2 ;
at least about 10 mol % R 2 O, wherein R 2 O comprises Na 2 O;
Al 2 O 3 , wherein Al 2 O 3 (mol %)<R 2 O(mol %); and
B 2 O 3 , wherein B 2 O 3 (mol %)−(R 2 O(mol %)−Al 2 O 3 (mol %))≥2 mol %, wherein the silicate glass has a fictive temperature that is greater than or equal to a temperature at which a super-cooled liquid having a composition of the silicate glass is 10 12 Poise.
15. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the silicate glass has a layer under a compressive stress of at least about 800 MPa, the layer extending from a surface of the silicate glass into the silicate glass to a depth of layer of at least about 45 pm.
16. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the Vickers crack initiation threshold is at least about 25 kgf.
17. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the silicate glass comprises from about 3 mol % to about 4.5 mol % B 2 O 3 in which boron cations are three-fold coordinated.
18. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein B 2 O 3 (mol %)−(R 2 O(mol %)−Al 2 O 3 (mol %))≤4.5 mol %.
19. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the silicate glass comprises from about 66 mol % to about 74 mol % SiO 2 .
20. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the silicate glass comprises at least about 0.1 mol % of at least one of MgO and ZnO.
21. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the glass comprises: at least about 50 mol % SiO 2 , from about 9 mol % to about 22 mol % Al 2 O 3 ; from about 3 mol % to about 10 mol % B 2 O 3 ; from about 9 mol % to about 20 mol % Na 2 O; from 0 mol % to about 5 mol % K 2 O; 0 mol %≤MgO≤6 mol %; 0 mol %≤ZnO≤6 mol %; and, optionally, at least one of CaO, BaO, and SrO, wherein 0 mol %≤CaO+SrO+BaO≤2 mol %.
22. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the silicate glass contains less than about one inclusion per kilogram of silicate glass, the inclusion having a diameter of at least 50 μm.
23. The silicate glass of claim 14 , further comprising at least one transition metal colorant, the transition metal oxide colorant comprising at least one of V 2 O 5 , NiO, CuO, Cr 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , Nb 2 O 5 , and TiO 2 .
24. The silicate glass of claim 23 , wherein 0 mol %≤V 2 O 5 ≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤NiO≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤CuO≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤Cr 2 O 3 ≤6 mol %, 0 mol%≤MnO 2 ≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤Fe 2 O 3 ≤6 mol %, 0 mol %≤Co 3 O 4 ≤6 mol % 0 mol %≤Nb 2 O 5 ≤6 mol %, and 0 mol %≤TiO 2 ≤6 mol %.
25. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the silicate glass is fast cooled from a first temperature at which the glass has a viscosity in a range from about 10 9 poise to about 10 13 poise to a second temperature that is below the strain point.
26. The silicate glass of claim 14 , wherein the silicate glass forms at least a portion of a cover plate, a touch screen, a watch crystal, a solar concentrator, a window, a screen, or a container.
27. A method of making a silicate glass comprising: at least about 50 mol % SiO 2 ; at least about 10 mol % R 2 O, wherein R 2 O comprises Na 2 O; Al 2 O 3 , wherein Al 2 O 3 (mol %)<R 2 O(mol %); and B 2 O 3 , and wherein B 2 O 3 (mol %)−(R 2 O(mol %)−Al 2 O 3 (mol %))≥2; the method comprising:
a. heating the silicate glass to a first temperature, the first temperature being greater than an anneal point of the silica glass; and
b. fast cooling the silicate glass at a rate of at least 5° C./s from a first temperature at which the glass has a viscosity in a range from about 10 9 poise to about 10 3 poise to a second temperature, the second temperature being less than a strain point of the silicate glass;
wherein the fast cooled silicate glass has a zircon breakdown temperature that is equal to a temperature at which the silicate glass has a viscosity in a range from about 30 kPoise to about 40 kPoise, a Vickers crack initiation threshold of at least 15 kgf, and a fictive temperature that is greater than or equal to a temperature at which a super-cooled liquid having a composition of the silicate glass has a viscosity of 10 12 Poise.
28. The method of claim 27 , further comprising providing the silicate glass by slot-drawing, fusion-drawing, rolling, or float processing.
29. The method of claim 27 , further comprising ion exchanging the fast cooled silicate glass to form a layer under a compressive stress, the layer extending from a surface of the silicate glass into the silicate glass to a depth of layer.
30. The method of claim 29 , wherein the compressive stress is at least about 800 MPa.
31. The method of claim 29 , wherein the depth of layer is at least about 45 μm.
32. The method of claim 27 , wherein the Vickers crack initiation threshold of the fast cooled silicate glass is at least about 25 kgf.
33. The method of claim 27 , wherein the silicate glass comprises: least about 50 mol % SiO 2 , from about 12 mol % to about 22 mol % Al 2 O 3 ; from about 4.5 mol % to about 10 mol % B 2 O 3 ; from about 10 mol % to about 20 mol % Na 2 O; from 0 mol % to about 5 mol % K 2 O; 0 mol %≤MgO≤6 mol %; 0 mol %≤ZnO≤6 mol %; and, optionally, at least one of CaO, BaO, and SrO, wherein 0 mol %≤CaO+SrO+BaO≤2 mol %.
34. The method of claim 27 , wherein the glass comprises: at least about 50 mol % SiO 2 , from about 9 mol % to about 22 mol % Al 2 O 3 ; from about 3 mol % to about 10 mol % B 2 O 3 ; from about 9 mol % to about 20 mol % Na 2 O; from 0 mol % to about 5 mol % K 2 O; 0 mol %≤MgO≤6 mol %; 0 mol %≤ZnO≤6 mol %; and, optionally, at least one of CaO, BaO, and SrO, wherein 0 mol %≤CaO+SrO+BaO≤2 mol %.
35. The method of claim 27 , wherein the second temperature is about 25° C.±15° C.