Advanced ballistic tolerant fuel containment tank
A fuel tank of an advanced ballistic tolerant fuel containment system is constructed with an inner layer designed to contain fuel, an intermediate layer or layers designed to self-seal any openings or holes made into the fuel tank, and an exterior layer that reinforces the fuel tank and provides the fuel tank with hard points for connection to an aircraft or vehicle. The interior layer, the intermediate layer and the exterior layer are all constructed of thermoplastic materials.
1. A fuel tank comprising:
a hollow interior volume that is dimensioned to hold and store a predetermined amount of fuel;
an interior layer of material surrounding the hollow interior volume, the interior layer of material being a thermoplastic material;
an intermediate layer of material surrounding the interior layer of material, the intermediate layer of material being a thermoplastic elastomer material that swells when contacted by fuel that would pass through an opening made through the intermediate layer of material and the interior layer of material, thereby self-sealing the opening through the intermediate layer of material; the intermediate layer of material also comprising first and second reactive materials in the intermediate layer of material, the first and second reactive materials expanding and curing rapidly when mixed, the first and second reactive materials being, separated in the intermediate layer of material by a membrane where an opening made through the intermediate layer of material would make an opening in the membrane that would allow the first and second reactive materials to mix through the opening and expand and rapidly cure in the opening and thereby form a seal closing the opening; the intermediate layer of material also comprising a reinforcement layer of thermoplastic fibers knitted in a three-dimensional configuration in the intermediate layer of material, the reinforcement layer of thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration surrounding the interior layer of material with no overlaps or seams to weaken the reinforcement layer and being impregnated with the thermoplastic elastomer of the intermediate layer of material.
2. The fuel tank of claim 1 , further comprising:
the intermediate layer of material being a thermoplastic vulcanizate.
3. The fuel tank of claim 1 , further comprising:
an exterior layer of material being a thermoplastic material.
4. The fuel tank of claim 1 , further comprising:
the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration being impregnated with thermoplastic elastomer material as a pre-preg, preform prior to fabrication of the tank.
5. The fuel tank of claim 1 , further comprising:
the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration having been knitted in one ply and having no seams.
6. The fuel tank of claim 1 , further comprising:
the first and second reactive materials being separated in the intermediate layer of material by the membrane formed as a thin sheet between the first and second reactive materials.
7. The fuel tank of claim 1 , further comprising:
the first and second reactive materials being separated in the intermediate layer of material by the membrane formed as a plurality of capsules, the plurality of capsules containing the first of the first and second reactive materials and the plurality of capsules being suspended in a matrix of the second of the first and second reactive materials.
8. The fuel tank of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of hard point flanges of thermoplastic, the plurality of hard point flanges being secured to the interior layer of material and secured to the intermediate layer of material.
9. A fuel tank comprising:
a hollow interior volume that is dimensioned to hold and store a predetermined amount of fuel;
an interior layer of material surrounding the hollow interior volume, the interior layer of material being a thermoplastic material;
an intermediate layer of material surrounding the interior layer of material, the intermediate layer of material being a thermoplastic elastomer material that swells when contacted with a fuel in the interior volume that would leak through a hole made through the intermediate layer of material and the interior layer of material, thereby self-sealing the hole through the intermediate layer of material and the interior layer of material, the intermediate layer of material also comprising first and second reactive materials in the intermediate layer of material, the first and second reactive materials expanding and curing rapidly when mixed, the first and second reactive materials being separated in the intermediate layer of material by a membrane where an opening made through the intermediate layer of material would make an opening in the membrane that would allow the first and second reactive materials to mix through the opening and expand and rapidly cure in the opening and thereby form a seal closing the opening; the intermediate layer of material also comprising a reinforcement layer of thermoplastic fibers knitted in a three-dimensional configuration in the intermediate layer of material, the reinforcement layer of thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration surrounding the interior layer of material with no overlaps or seams to weaken the reinforcement layer and being impregnated with the thermoplastic elastomer of the intermediate layer of material;
an exterior layer of material surrounding the intermediate layer of material, the exterior layer of material being a thermoplastic material; and,
a plurality of hard point flanges of thermoplastic material, the plurality of hard point flanges being secured to the interior layer of material, the intermediate layer of material and the exterior layer of material.
10. The fuel tank of claim 9 , further comprising:
the intermediate layer of material being a thermoplastic vulcanizate.
11. The fuel tank of claim 9 , further comprising:
the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration being impregnated with thermoplastic elastomer material as a pre-preg, preform prior to fabrication of the tank.
12. The fuel tank of claim 9 , further comprising:
the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration having been knitted in one ply and having no seams.
13. The fuel tank of claim 9 , further comprising:
the first and second reactive materials being separated in the intermediate layer of material by the membrane formed as a thin sheet between the first and second reactive materials.
14. The fuel tank of claim 9 , further comprising:
the first and second reactive materials being separated in the intermediate layer of material by the membrane formed as a plurality of capsules, the plurality of capsules containing the first of the first and second reactive materials and the plurality of capsules being suspended in a matrix of the second of the first and second reactive materials.
15. A method of making a ballistic tolerant fuel containment tank comprising:
forming an interior layer of a thermoplastic material around a hollow interior volume that is dimensioned to store a predetermined amount of fuel;
forming an intermediate layer of a thermoplastic elastomer material around the interior layer, the thermoplastic elastomer material expanding when contacted by a fuel that would leak from the interior volume through a hole through the intermediate layer of thermoplastic elastomer material and the interior layer, thereby self-sealing the hole;
providing first and second reactive materials in the intermediate layer where the first and second reactive materials will expand and cure rapidly when mixed;
separating the first and second reactive materials in the intermediate layer with a membrane where an opening made through the intermediate layer would make an opening in the membrane that would allow the first and second reactive materials to mix through the opening and expand and cure rapidly in the opening and thereby from a seal closing the opening;
reinforcing the intermediate layer with thermoplastic fibers knitted in a three-dimensional configuration in the intermediate layer of material, the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration surrounding the interior layer of material with no overlaps or seams in the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration, and the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration being impregnated with the thermoplastic elastomer material of the intermediate layer;
forming an exterior layer of thermoplastic material around the intermediate layer; and,
securing a plurality of hard point flanges of thermoplastic material to the interior layer, the intermediate layer and the exterior layer.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
impregnating the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration with thermoplastic elastomer materials as a pre-preg, preform prior to fabrication of the tank.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
knitting the thermoplastic fibers knitted in the three-dimensional configuration in one ply with no seams.