Composition for forming electrode, electrode manufactured using the same and solar cell
A composition for forming an electrode for a solar cell includes a conductive powder, a glass frit, and an organic vehicle, the organic vehicle including a thickener including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1,
1. A composition for forming an electrode for a solar cell, the composition comprising:
a conductive powder;
a glass frit; and
an organic vehicle, the organic vehicle including a thickener including either a tertiary amine or a quaternary ammonium coupled to an amide-containing structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1:
wherein, in Chemical Formula 1,
R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C30 alkyl group,
m is an integer ranging from 1 to 3, and
n is an integer ranging from 1 to 5.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C8 to C30 alkyl group.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein n is an integer ranging from 2 to 5.
4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the thickener is included in an amount of about 0.2 wt % to about 0.3 wt % based on a total weight of the composition.
5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the organic vehicle further includes a binder resin and a solvent.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the binder resin includes one or more of a cellulose-based compound, a polyvinylacetal compound, or an acryl-based compound.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the binder resin has a weight average molecular weight of about 5,000 g/mol to about 200,000 g/mol.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the solvent includes one or more of 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, 2-butoxyethanol, aliphatic alcohol, α-terpineol, β-terpineol, dihydro-terpineol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol mono butyl ether, butyl cellosolve acetate, or 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol isobutyrate.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the conductive powder is a silver powder.
10. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition includes about 60 wt % to about 95 wt % of the conductive powder; about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt % of the glass frit; and about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt % of the organic vehicle.
11. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the glass frit includes one or more of lead, tellurium, bismuth, lithium, phosphorus, germanium, gallium, cerium, iron, silicon, zinc, tungsten, magnesium, cesium, strontium, molybdenum, titanium, tin, indium, vanadium, barium, nickel, copper, sodium, potassium, arsenic, cobalt, zirconium, manganese, and aluminum.
12. The composition as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the composition further includes one or more of a surface-treatment agent, a dispersing agent, a thixotropic agent, a plasticizer, an antifoaming agent, a pigment, an ultraviolet stabilizer, an antioxidant, or a coupling agent.
13. A solar cell electrode manufactured using the composition as claimed in claim 1 .
14. A solar cell comprising the electrode as claimed in claim 13 .
15. The solar cell as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the solar cell has a passivated emitter and rear cell structure.