Liquid crystal structure for controlling brightness uniformity in a waveguide display
A near-eye display (NED) includes a source assembly that emits image light, a waveguide-based display assembly, and a controller coupled to the waveguide-based display assembly, and an optical assembly. The waveguide-based display assembly includes a liquid crystal (LC) waveguide, an input area, and an output area. The LC waveguide comprising a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and a LC layer between the first and second glass layers. The LC waveguide propagates the image light in-coupled via the input area in accordance with emission instructions toward the output area that out-couples the image light to a user's eye. The controller generates the emission instructions and provides the emission instructions to the LC waveguide for generating the image light of substantially uniform brightness.
1. A near-eye display (NED) comprising:
a source assembly configured to emit image light;
a waveguide-based display assembly coupled to the source assembly, the waveguide-based display assembly includes:
a liquid crystal (LC) waveguide comprising a first transparent layer, a second transparent layer and a LC layer between the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer, the LC layer configured to adjust phases of the image light and create a plurality of interference patterns in accordance with emission instructions causing the image light out-coupled from the LC waveguide to be substantially uniform,
an input area directly coupled to a portion of the first transparent layer and positioned outside of the LC waveguide, the input area configured to in-couple the image light into the first transparent layer of the LC waveguide, and
an output area directly coupled to a portion of the second transparent layer and positioned outside of the LC waveguide, the output area configured to out-couple the image light from the second transparent layer of the LC waveguide toward an eye-box of the NED; and
a controller configured to:
generate the emission instructions, and
provide the emission instructions to the LC waveguide.
2. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the source assembly is selected from a group consisting of a one-dimensional array of micro light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) with a microelectromechanical system (MEM) mirror, a two-dimensional array of μLEDs, a one-dimensional array of lasers with a scanning MEM mirror, and a two-dimensional scanning laser.
3. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
control an operational state of the LC layer in the LC waveguide by controlling one or more voltage levels applied to the LC layer based in part on the emission instructions.
4. The NED of claim 3 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
switch the operational state of the LC layer in the LC waveguide from an active state to an inactive state and vice versa with a predetermined frequency, based in part on the emission instructions.
5. The NED of claim 4 , wherein the predetermined frequency of switching the operational state of the LC layer is 1 KHz.
6. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
apply an electric field of a non-zero intensity to the LC layer during a first time period, based in part on the emission instructions; and
deactivate the electric field of the LC layer during a second time period, based in part on the emission instructions.
7. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the LC waveguide propagates the image light by reflecting the image light multiple times from reflecting surfaces of the first and second transparent layers and propagating through the LC layer before reaching the output area for out-coupling the image light.
8. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the first and second transparent layers include indium tin oxide (ITO) films.
9. The NED of claim 8 , wherein a refractive index of the ITO films matches a refractive index of the first and second transparent layers.
10. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the input area includes an in-coupling grating that in-couples the image light from the source assembly to the first transparent layer of the LC waveguide.
11. The NED of claim 1 , wherein the output area includes an out-coupling grating that out-couples the image light from the second transparent layer of the LC waveguide toward the eye-box.
12. The NED of claim 1 , wherein:
the waveguide-based display assembly includes a plurality of stacked LC waveguides comprising the LC waveguide stacked to one or more other LC waveguides; and
each LC waveguide in the plurality of stacked LC waveguides comprises a liquid crystal between a pair of transparent layers.
13. The NED of claim 12 , wherein:
each LC waveguide in the plurality of stacked LC waveguides propagates a portion of the image light having a defined range of wavelengths in accordance with the emission instructions; and
each LC waveguide in the plurality of stacked LC waveguides out-couples the portion of the image light to the eye-box via an out-coupling grating coupled to one transparent layer of the pair of transparent layers.
14. A waveguide-based display comprising:
a liquid crystal (LC) waveguide comprising a first transparent layer, a second transparent layer and a LC layer between the first transparent layer and the second transparent layer, the LC layer configured to adjust phases of the image light and create a plurality of interference patterns in accordance with emission instructions causing the image light out-coupled from the LC waveguide to be substantially uniform;
an input area directly coupled to a portion of the first transparent layer and positioned outside of the LC waveguide, the input area configured to in-couple the image light into the first transparent layer of the LC waveguide; and
an output area directly coupled to a portion of the second transparent layer and positioned outside of the LC waveguide, the output area configured to out-couple the image light from the second transparent layer of the LC waveguide toward an eye-box.
15. The waveguide-based display of claim 14 , further comprising:
a controller configured to control an operational state of the LC layer in the LC waveguide by controlling one or more voltage levels applied to the LC layer.
16. The waveguide-based display of claim 15 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
switch the operational state of the LC layer in the LC waveguide from an active state to an inactive state and vice versa with a predetermined frequency.
17. The waveguide-based display of claim 14 , further comprising a controller configured to:
apply an electric field of a non-zero intensity to the LC layer during a first time period; and
deactivate the electric field of the LC layer during a second time period.
18. The waveguide-based display of claim 14 , wherein the LC waveguide propagates the image light by reflecting the image light multiple times from reflecting surfaces of the first and second transparent layers and propagating through the LC layer before reaching the output area for out-coupling the image light.
19. The waveguide-based display of claim 14 , further comprising:
a plurality of stacked LC waveguides including the LC waveguide stacked to one or more other LC waveguides,
wherein each LC waveguide in the plurality of stacked LC waveguides comprises a liquid crystal between a pair of transparent layers.