Patient-specific modeling of ventricular activation pattern using surface ECG-derived vectorcardiogram in bundle branch block

1. A method comprising:

receiving three-dimensional image data representative of a heart of a patient;

receiving electrical data representative of an electrophysiology of the heart;

generating a computational model of the heart by at least combining the received three-dimensional image data and the received electrical data, the computational model of the heart providing time-varying electrical dynamics of the heart;

determining, based at least on the computational model of the heart, a dyssynchrony metric predictive of a responsiveness of the patient to a cardiac pacing therapy; and

administering, based at least on the dyssynchrony metric, the cardiac pacing therapy, the dyssynchrony metric determining one or more lead placements and/or an interventricular stimulation delay for the administering of the cardiac pacing therapy.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining, from the computational model of the heart, a simulated heart vector.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the simulated heart vector predicts a vectorcardiogram of a patient.

4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:

adjusting the simulated heart vector based on a comparison of the simulated heart vector to the vectorcardiogram, the vectorcardiogram being estimated using a 12-lead electrocardiogram obtained from the patient.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the comparison is based on optimizing an objective function.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical data comprises time varying electrocardiogram data.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional image data comprises at least one of an echocardiograph, a computed tomograph, a myocardial perfusion scan, or a magnetic resonance image set.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional image data and the electrical data are combined by at least:

generating, based at least on the three-dimensional image data, a finite element mesh of the heart including a left ventricle of the heart and/or a right ventricle of the heart; and

aligning a location associated with the electrical data to the same location in the generated finite element mesh.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

determining, based at least on the computational model of the heart, an origin of the electrical activation, a conductivity of a myocardial tissue, and/or a speed at which the activation traverses a myocardium of the heart.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dyssynchrony metric includes at least one of a first total activation duration in an entire left ventricle, a second total activation duration between an earliest activation time in a septum and a latest activation in the entire left ventricle, a first delay between mean activation times in the septum and a portion of a left ventricular lateral wall; a first difference in total activation times between the septum and a portion of a right ventricular wall, a second delay between the earliest activation times in the septum and a right ventricle, a second delay between the earliest activation times in the entire left ventricle and the right ventricle, a second difference in total activation times between left ventricular and right ventricular walls, a third delay between earliest activation times in left and right ventricles, a second difference in total activation times between a left ventricular lateral wall and a right ventricular wall, and/or a fourth delay between earliest activation times in the left ventricular lateral wall and the right ventricle.

11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

generating, for presentation on a display, a user interface including a representation of the computational model of the heart and at least one of the dyssynchrony metric, the origin of the electrical activation, the conductivity of the myocardial tissue, and the speed at which the activation traverses the myocardium.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the computational model comprises a four dimensional model of the heart.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the computational model of the heart represents a net intracellular current flowing from a first region of higher intracellular potential to a second region of lower intracellular potential at a given time within a myocardium of the heart, and wherein the net intracellular current flow occurs at a depolarization wave front and/or a repolarization wave front.

14. An apparatus comprising:

at least one processor; and

at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:

receive three-dimensional image data representative of a heart of a patient;

receive electrical data representative of an electrophysiology of the heart;

generate a computational model of the heart by at least combining the received three-dimensional image data and the received electrical data, the computational model of the heart providing time-varying electrical dynamics of the heart;

determine, based at least on the computational model of the heart, a dyssynchrony metric predictive of a responsiveness of the patient to a cardiac pacing therapy; and

administer, based at least on the dyssynchrony metric, the cardiac pacing therapy, the dyssynchrony metric determining one or more lead placements and/or an interventricular stimulation delay for the administration of the cardiac pacing therapy.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the electrical data comprises time varying electrocardiogram data.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the three-dimensional image data comprises at least one of an echocardiograph, a computed tomograph, a myocardial perfusion scan, or a magnetic resonance image set.

17. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the three-dimensional image data and the electrical data are combined by at least:

generating, based at least on the three-dimensional image data, a finite element mesh of the heart including a left ventricle of the heart and/or a right ventricle of the heart; and

aligning a location associated with the electrical data to the same location in the generated finite element mesh.