Pre-cracked anode particles for high-rate charging applications
A battery cell includes a cathode layer and an anode layer. The anode layer includes anode particles, and a plurality of the anode particles have non-spanning cracks induced in the anode particles from cyclic tension applied to the anode layer prior to the anode layer being combined with the cathode layer in the battery cell. The battery cell also includes a case, where the cathode layer and the anode layer are housed within the case.
1. An unassembled battery cell comprising:
a cathode layer;
an anode layer comprising anode particles, wherein a plurality of the anode particles have non-spanning cracks induced in the anode particles from cyclic tension applied to the anode layer prior to the anode layer being combined with the cathode layer in the battery cell; and
a case, wherein the cathode layer and the anode layer are not yet housed within the case.
2. The battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode particles comprise graphite particles.
3. The battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the non-spanning cracks increase the surface area of the plurality of anode particles to receive lithium ions.
4. The battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode particles further comprises a layer of passive Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) caused by the non-spanning cracks.
5. The battery cell of claim 1 , wherein the anode layer further comprises:
a binder;
a conductive material; and
silicon.
6. A method of providing a battery cell with pre-cracked anode particles, the method comprising:
providing an anode substrate;
depositing a plurality of anode particles on the anode substrate to form an anode layer;
applying cyclic tension to the anode layer until non-spanning cracks are induced in the anode particles; and
after applying the cyclic tension to the anode layer until the non-spanning cracks are induced in the anode particles, combining the anode layer with a cathode layer in the battery cell.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the anode particles comprise graphite particles.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the non-spanning cracks increase the surface area of the plurality of anode particles to receive lithium ions.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cyclic tension comprises a plurality of tension cycles in a first axial direction of the anode layer.
10. The battery cell of claim 9 , wherein the cyclic tension further comprises a plurality of tension cycles in a second axial direction of the anode layer.
11. The battery cell of claim 10 , wherein the first axial direction is orthogonal to the second axial direction.
12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cyclic tension comprises at least 100 tension cycles.
13. The method of claim 6 , wherein the anode particles further comprises a layer of passive Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) caused by the non-spanning cracks.
14. The method of claim 6 , wherein the cyclic tension is applied above a first threshold such that the non-spanning cracks form, but below a second threshold such that spanning cracks would form.
15. The method of claim 6 , wherein the anode layer further comprises:
a binder;
a conductive material; and
silicon.