High performance battery anodes with polymeric coatings including molecules cross-linked through dynamic bonds
A battery includes an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes a current collector and an interfacial layer disposed over the current collector, and the interfacial layer includes a polymer including dynamic bonds.
1. A battery electrode comprising:
a current collector;
an interfacial layer disposed over the current collector; and
a lithium metal layer disposed between the current collector and the interfacial layer,
wherein the interfacial layer includes a self-healing polymer including associative groups that form reversible hydrogen bonds with other associative groups within the self-healing polymer,
wherein a thickness of the interfacial layer is in a range of 10 nm to 100 μm.
2. The battery electrode of claim 1 , wherein the self-healing polymer is viscoelastic.
3. The battery electrode of claim 1 , wherein the self-healing polymer has a percentage elongation-at-break of at least 30% and up to 500%.
4. The battery electrode of claim 1 , wherein the self-healing polymer includes a matrix formed of molecules cross-linked through the reversible hydrogen bonds.
5. The battery electrode of claim 1 , wherein the self-healing polymer has a glass transition temperature no greater than 25° C.
6. The battery electrode of claim 1 , wherein a loss modulus of the self-healing polymer is greater than a storage modulus of the self-healing polymer at a temperature below 80° C. and a frequency below 10 Hz.
7. A battery comprising the battery electrode of claim 1 .
8. The battery electrode of claim 4 , wherein the molecules are cross-linked through urea groups.
9. The battery electrode of claim 4 , wherein the molecules include first molecules each including two urea groups, and second molecules each including three urea groups.