End ring and rotor bar for line start permanent magnet motor
A rotor for an LSIPM comprises a plurality of permanent magnets defining a number of poles (“P”) of the LSIPM, and a plurality of rotor bars spaced about the rotor defining a rotor bar area (“BA”). The rotor bars are formed of a conductive material having an associated conductivity (“σ RB ”). End members are disposed on axial opposite ends of the rotor core. The end members are in electrical contact with the rotor bars. The end members are formed from a material having an associated conductivity (“σ EM ”). Each end ring member has a minimum geometric cross sectional area (“ERA”) and outer diameter that generally corresponds to the rotor core outer diameter. The ERA is greater than 0.5 times the rotor bar area per the number of poles (BA/P) times a ratio of the rotor bar material conductivity to the end member material conductivity (σ RB /σ EM ).
1. A method comprising:
providing a line-start synchronous motor, wherein the motor comprises:
a stator;
a rotor core disposed within the stator, the rotor core comprising:
a plurality of permanent magnets defining a number of poles (P) for the machine; and
a plurality of rotor bars spaced about the rotor core, the rotor bars defining a rotor bar area (BA) and being formed of a conductive material having an associated conductivity (σ RB ); and
end members disposed on axial opposite ends of the rotor core, the end members being in electrical contact with the rotor bars, each end member having a geometric cross sectional area (“ERA”), wherein the end members have an outer diameter that generally corresponds to an outer diameter of the rotor core, and the end members are formed from a material having an associated conductivity (σ EM );
operatively coupling a first load to the motor; and
driving the first load from start to at least near synchronous speed during steady state operation of the motor with the first load coupled thereto;
wherein the ERA of each of the end members is greater than 0.5 times the rotor bar area per the number of poles (BA/P) times a ratio of the rotor bar material conductivity to the end member material conductivity (σ RB /σ EM ).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first load has an inertia, the first load inertia being greater than an inertia of a second load, the second load inertia being a maximum inertia the motor is capable of driving from start to near synchronous speed during steady state operation of the motor with the second load coupled thereto when the motor has a rotor with end members with a geometric cross sectional area that is less than about 0.5 times the rotor bar area per the number of poles (BA/P) times a ratio of the rotor bar material conductivity to the end member material conductivity (σ RB /σ EM ) and the motor is subjected to an equivalent range of starting current as the starting current applied to drive the first load when herein the ERA of each of the end members is greater than 0.5 times the rotor bar area per the number of poles (BA/P) times a ratio of the rotor bar material conductivity to the end member material conductivity (σ RB /σ EM ).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ERA is between about ⅔ times and about 2 times greater than the rotor bar area per the number of poles (BA/P) times a ratio of the rotor bar material conductivity to the end member material conductivity (σ RB /σ EM ).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of permanent magnets is disposed in a corresponding magnet slot in the rotor and, together, define a general axis of magnetization of each pole of the rotor, and wherein edges of the magnet slots that face the general axis of magnetization define a saturation boundary area.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the magnet slots are adjacent to the outer diameter of the rotor and extend generally inward toward a center axis of the rotor core.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein at least some of the rotor bar slots are disposed in the saturation boundary area and spaced from the magnet slots.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rotor core comprises a plurality of generally like laminations stacked end to end to form a contiguous rotor core.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the motor is configured to attain synchronous speed after starting of the motor with the first load operatively coupled thereto.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the end members have generally a same cross sectional area.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the rotor bars and the end members are formed from a same base alloy.
11. A method comprising:
accessing a line-start synchronous motor, wherein the motor comprises:
a stator;
a rotor core disposed within the stator, the rotor core comprising:
a plurality of permanent magnets defining a number of poles (P) of the motor;
a plurality of rotor bars spaced about the rotor core, the rotor bars defining a rotor bar area (BA), the rotor bars being formed of a conductive material having an associated conductivity (σ RB ); and
end members disposed on axial opposite ends of the rotor core, the end members being in electrical contact with the rotor bars, each end member having a geometric cross sectional area (“ERA”), wherein the end members have a diameter that generally corresponds to an outer diameter of the rotor core, and wherein the ERA is greater than 0.5 times the rotor bar area per the number of poles (BA/P) times a ratio of the rotor bar material conductivity to the end member material conductivity (σ RB /σ EM );
operatively coupling a first load to the motor; and
driving the first load from start to at least near synchronous speed during steady state operation of the motor with the first load coupled thereto;
wherein the first load has an inertia, the first load inertia being greater than an inertia of a second load, the second load inertia being a maximum inertia that a second motor is capable of driving from start to near synchronous speed during steady state operation of the second motor with the second load coupled thereto when the second motor has a rotor with end members with a geometric cross sectional area less than about 0.5 times the rotor bar area per the number of poles (BA/P) times a ratio of the rotor bar material conductivity to the end member material conductivity (σ RB /σ EM ) and the second motor is subjected to an equivalent range of starting current as the motor.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the ERA is between about ⅔ times and about 2 times greater than the rotor bar area per the number of poles (BA/P) times a ratio of the rotor bar material conductivity to the end member material conductivity (σ RB /σ EM ).
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the end members have a like geometry.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the magnets are disposed in slots and define a general axis of magnetization of each pole of the rotor, and edges of the magnet slots that face the general axis of magnetization define a saturation boundary area.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the magnet slots are adjacent to the rotor outer diameter and extend generally inward toward a center axis of the rotor core.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein at least some of the rotor bar slots are disposed in the saturation boundary area and spaced from the magnet slots.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the rotor core comprises a plurality of generally like laminations stacked end to end to form a contiguous rotor core.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the rotor bars and the end members are formed from a same base alloy.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein each of the end members is ring shaped.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the end members is ring shaped.