Wearable device and method for sensing and treating opioid overdose
Disclosed is an implantable medical device configured to detect opioid overdose symptoms, such as a critically low respiratory rate, and automatically release opioid overdose medication into the body of a user. The embedded device may use a ultrasound- or photoplethysmographic-based technique for monitoring the respiratory rate of the user. Additionally, the embedded medical device can communicate with a paired mobile device and automatically contact medical services and/or emergency contacts when opioid overdose is detected.
1. A medical device for treating emergency medical conditions, the medical device comprising:
an ultrasound transducer configured to transmit ultrasound waves through pulmonary issue of a user and generate resulting electrical signals based on received ultrasound waves;
a medicine release unit implanted within the body of the user, wherein the medicine release unit includes a volume of liquid medication; and
a processing system configured to:
determine the respiratory rate of the user based on the resulting signals that indicate a measurement of distances between emitted and reflected ultrasound pulses,
actuate the medicine release unit to release the medication into the body of the user based on a comparison of the respiratory rate of the user with a threshold respiratory rate,
modify the resulting electrical signals to remove signals corresponding to middle tissue reflection,
determine a time duration between the transmitted ultrasound pulses and the reflected ultrasound pulses based on the modified signals, wherein the time duration is correlated with a lung size measurement, and
determine the respiratory rate of the user based on the time duration and further based on a pre-determined lung size calibration.
2. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the resulting electrical signals are generated in response to detecting the ultrasound waves reflected by a lung cavity border in the body of the user.
3. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the medicine release unit includes a base valve configured to controllably release a dosage of the liquid medication through an aperture of the medicine release unit.
4. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to be communicatively paired with a mobile device executing a user control application, wherein the user control application is configured to, responsive to receiving an indication of the respiratory rate of the user has reached below the threshold rate, present an option to the user via a user interface to intervene in the release of the medication.
5. The medical device of claim 4 , wherein the user control application is further configured to, responsive to receiving an indication of the respiratory rate of the user has reached below the threshold rate, transmit an alert message to a pre-determined list of contacts.
6. The medical device of claim 1 , wherein the liquid medication comprises an opioid antagonist for treating an opioid overdose.
7. The medical device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a light sensor configured to obtain a photoplethysmographic signal associated with the user, and
wherein the processing system is further configured to determine the respiratory rate of the user based on the photoplethysmographic signal.
8. The medical device of claim 7 , wherein the light sensor comprises:
an infrared (IR) light-emitting source configured to emit IR light on skin surface of the user; and
a light sensor configured to receive IR light reflected by skin surface of the user and generate a resulting photoplethysmographic signal representing variations in reflected IR light caused by varying blood volume in blood vessels of the user.
9. The medical device of claim 8 , wherein the processing system is further configured to determine the respiratory rate of the user by applying wavelet decomposition to the resulting photoplethysmographic signal to remove signals corresponding to heart rate.
10. The medical device of claim 7 , wherein the light sensor comprises:
an infrared (IR) image sensor configured to generate a plurality of images of blood vessels of the user, wherein the plurality of images includes motion in the blood vessels caused by cardiac pressure pulses.
11. The medical device of claim 10 , wherein the processing system is further configured to determine the respiratory rate of the user based on a photoplethysmographic signal created based on image processing of the plurality of images of the blood vessels of the user.
12. The medical device of claim 7 , wherein the processing system is further configured to be communicatively paired with a mobile device executing a user control application, wherein the user control application is configured to, responsive to receiving an indication of the respiratory rate of the user has reached below the threshold rate, present an option to the user via a user interface to intervene in the release of the medication.
13. The medical device of claim 12 , wherein the user control application is further configured to, responsive to receiving an indication of the respiratory rate of the user has reached below the threshold rate, transmit an alert message to a pre-determined list of contacts.
14. The medical device of claim 7 , wherein the medicine release unit includes a base valve configured to controllably release a dosage of the liquid medication through an aperture of the medicine release unit.
15. The medical device of claim 7 , wherein the liquid medication comprises an opioid antagonist for treating an opioid overdose.