Compositions and methods for treating filler in papermaking
Method of papermaking comprises: treating filler with a starch and a flocculant to form a filler floc; combining the filler floc with the cellulose fiber stock; and forming a paper mat from the combination of filler floc and cellulose fiber stock. The method have been found to result in larger particle sizes for the filler flocs, improved shear stability, and improved sheet strength in the paper mat.
1. A method of papermaking comprising:
a. heating a cationic starch solution to a desired temperature to solubilize the cationic starch;
b. combining a filler with the cationic starch solution and a cationic flocculant;
c. subjecting the filler, cationic starch solution, and cationic flocculant to shear forces to form a filler floc with a median particle size of about 5 to about 150 microns;
d. combining the filler floc with a cellulose fiber stock; and
e. forming a paper mat from the combination of the filler floc and the cellulose fiber stock.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cationic starch and the cationic flocculant have been premixed together before treatment with the filler.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cationic starch and the cationic flocculant are added to the filler separately and simultaneously.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filler is a dispersed slurry.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filler is a nondispersed filler in dry form.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filler is selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, kaolin clay, talc, titanium dioxide, silica, silicate, aluminum hydroxide, calcium sulfate, alumina trihydrate, barium sulfate, magnesium hydroxide, and combinations thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cationic starch is selected to have a charge density of from about 1 to about 5 mol. %.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cationic flocculant is selected from the group consisting of homopolymers, copolymers, and terpolymers of (meth)acrylamide, diallyl-N,N-disubstituted ammonium halide, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and its quaternary ammonium salts, dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and its quaternary ammonium salts, methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, diallylmethyl(beta-propionamido)ammonium chloride, (beta-methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium methylsulfate, quaternized polyvinyllactam, vinylamine, acrylamide or methacrylamide that has been reacted to produce Mannich or quaternary Mannich derivatives, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the cationic flocculant is selected from the group consisting of a copolymer of a quaternized N,N-dialkylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate (DMAEA.MCQ) and acrylamide, a copolymer of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) and acrylamide, and combinations thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of starch:flocculant is from about 1:9 to about 9:1.
11. The method of claim 2 , wherein the starch and flocculant are premixed together in a weight ratio from about 1:9 to about 9:1.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the starch and flocculant are premixed together in a weight ratio from about 1:4 to about 4:1.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cationic flocculant has a charge density of from about 1 to about 50 mol. %.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the cationic flocculant has a charge density of from about 10 to about 30 mol. %.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the median particle size of the filler floc is from about 10 to about 75 microns.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the filler is 100% nondispersed filler in dry form and an anionic flocculant is added to the filler before the addition of the cationic flocculant and starch.