Electric power system and a method and equipment for controlling the same
An electric power system comprises electric energy sources ( 106 - 110 ) and control equipment ( 101 ) for controlling the electric energy sources in accordance with a target value of electric power produced by the electric power system. The control equipment activates and deactivates the electric energy sources based on a control value and on activation and deactivation limits. The control value can be the target value or the actual value of the electric power. The control equipment controls active electric energy sources according to the target value and according to power sharing defined for the active electric energy sources. The activation and deactivation limits as well as activation and deactivation order of the electric energy sources can be determined based on properties of the electric energy sources and on a prevailing operational situation of the electric power system.
1. Control equipment for controlling an electric power system that includes electric energy sources, the control equipment comprising:
signal outputs configured to transmit control signals for controlling the electric energy sources;
a signal input configured to receive a target value of electric power produced by the electric power system; and
a controller configured to:
select, from among inactive ones of the electric energy sources, an electric energy source to be activated at least partly based on cumulative service times of the inactive electric energy sources,
activate, from among the inactive ones of the electric energy sources, the electric energy source in response to a situation in which a control value exceeds an activation limit, the control value being dependent on the target value of the electric power or an actual value of the electric power,
deactivate, from among active ones of the electric energy sources, one electric energy source in response to a situation in which the control value drops below a deactivation limit, and
control the active ones of the electric energy sources according to the target value and according to power sharing defined for the active ones of the electric energy sources.
2. The control equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the activation limit is a first predetermined proportion of a sum of maximum electric powers of the active electric energy sources, and the deactivation limit is a second predetermined proportion of the sum of the maximum electric powers of the active electric energy sources, the second predetermined proportion being smaller than the first predetermined proportion.
3. The control equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to determine the activation limit at least partly based on a sum of maximum electric powers of the active electric energy sources and based on data related to the one of the inactive electric energy sources to be activated when the control value exceeds the activation limit.
4. The control equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to determine the deactivation limit at least partly based on a sum of maximum electric powers of the active electric energy sources and based on data related to those of the active electric energy sources which remain active after deactivation of the one of the active electric energy sources.
5. The control equipment according to claim 3 , wherein the controller is configured to determine the deactivation limit at least partly based on a sum of maximum electric powers of the active electric energy sources and based on data related to those of the active electric energy sources which remain active after deactivation of the one of the active electric energy sources.
6. The control equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to select, from among the inactive electric energy sources, the electric energy source to be activated at least partly based on temporal lengths of prevailing inactivity periods of the inactive electric energy sources.
7. The control equipment according to claim 1 , where the controller is configured to select, from among the active electric energy sources, the electric energy source to be deactivated at least partly based on temporal lengths of prevailing activity periods of the active electric energy sources.
8. The control equipment according to claim 1 , where the controller is configured to select, from among the active electric energy sources, the electric energy source to be deactivated at least partly on the basis of cumulative service times of the active electric energy sources.
9. The control equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to select, from among the inactive electric energy sources, the electric energy source to be activated at least partly based on efficiencies of the inactive electric energy sources.
10. The control equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to select, from among the active electric energy sources, the electric energy source to be deactivated based on efficiencies of the active electric energy sources.
11. The control equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
receive an operation mode signal indicative of a prevailing operation mode of the electric power system,
increase activation priorities and decrease deactivation priorities of first ones of the electric energy sources with respect to second ones of the electric energy sources in response to a situation in which the operation mode signal is indicative of a first operation mode,
decrease the activation priorities and increase the deactivation priorities of the first ones of the electric energy sources with respect to the second ones of the electric energy sources in response to a situation in which the operation mode signal is indicative of a second operation mode,
select, from among the inactive electric energy sources, the electric energy source to be activated at least partly based on the activation priorities of the inactive electric energy sources, and
select, from among the active electric energy sources, the electric energy source to be deactivated at least partly based on the deactivation priorities of the active electric energy sources.
12. An electric power system comprising:
electric energy sources; and
control equipment configured to activate and deactivate the electric energy sources, the control equipment comprising:
signal outputs configured to transmit control signals for controlling the electric energy sources,
a signal input configured to receive a target value of electric power produced by the electric power system, and
a controller configured to:
select, from among inactive ones of the electric energy sources, an electric energy source to be activated at least partly based on cumulative service times of the inactive electric energy sources,
activate, from among the inactive ones of the electric energy sources, the electric energy source in response to a situation in which a control value exceeds an activation limit, the control value being dependent on the target value of the electric power or an actual value of the electric power,
deactivate, from among active ones of the electric energy sources, one electric energy source in response to a situation in which the control value drops below a deactivation limit, and
control the active ones of the electric energy sources according to the target value and according to power sharing defined for the active ones of the electric energy sources.
13. The electric power system according to claim 12 , wherein each of the electric energy sources comprises one of the following: a combustion engine driven generator, a battery, and a fuel cell.
14. A method for controlling an electric power system that comprises electric energy sources, the method comprising:
receiving a target value of electric power produced by the electric power system;
selecting, from among inactive ones of the electric energy sources, an electric energy source to be activated at least partly based on cumulative service times of the inactive electric energy sources;
activating, from among the inactive ones of the electric energy sources, the electric energy source in response to a situation in which a control value exceeds an activation limit, the control value being dependent on the target value of the electric power or an actual value of the electric power;
deactivating, from among active ones of the electric energy sources, one electric energy source in response to a situation in which the control value drops below a deactivation limit; and
controlling the active ones of the electric energy sources according to the target value and according to power sharing defined for the active ones of the electric energy sources.
15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium encoded with a computer program for controlling an electric power system that comprises electric energy sources, the computer program comprising computer executable instructions for controlling a programmable processing system to:
selecting, from among inactive ones of the electric energy sources, an electric energy source to be activated at least partly based on cumulative service times of the inactive electric energy sources;
activate, from among the inactive ones of the electric energy sources, the electric energy source in response to a situation in which a control value exceeds an activation limit, the control value being dependent on a target value of electric power produced by the electric power system or an actual value of the electric power;
deactivate, from among active ones of the electric energy sources, one electric energy source in response to a situation in which the control value drops below a deactivation limit; and
control the active ones of the electric energy sources according to the target value and according to power sharing defined for the active ones of the electric energy sources.